Model creation of moving redox reaction boundary in agarose gel electrophoresis by traditional potassium permanganate method

Abstract

A novel moving redox reaction boundary (MRRB) model was developed for studying electrophoretic behaviors of analytes involving redox reaction on the principle of moving reaction boundary (MRB). Traditional potassium permanganate method was used to create the boundary model in agarose gel electrophoresis because of the rapid reaction rate associated with MnO(4)(-) ions and Fe(2+) ions. MRB velocity equation was proposed to describe the general functional relationship between velocity of moving redox reaction boundary (V(MRRB)) and concentration of reactant, and can be extrapolated to similar MRB techniques. Parameters affecting the redox reaction boundary were investigated in detail. Under the selected conditions, good linear relationship between boundary movement distance and time were obtained. The potential application of MRRB in electromigration redox reaction titration was performed in two different concentration levels. The precision of the V(MRRB) was studied and the relative standard deviations were below 8.1%, illustrating the good repeatability achieved in this experiment. The proposed MRRB model enriches the MRB theory and also provides a feasible realization of manual control of redox reaction process in electrophoretic analysis.

Simple Boric Acid-Based Fluorescent Focusing for Sensing of Glucose and Glycoprotein via Multipath Moving Supramolecular Boundary Electrophoresis Chip

“…Hence, the MSB electrophoresis was created between the glucose or HbA 1c and the complex of BBV-HPTS as shown in Figures c and S2. HPTS carrying negative charges moved toward the anode with the velocity of V HPTS , and the movement of MSB was V MSB in accordance with the MRB concept. − Theoretically, there were three typical fluorescence focusing results (unpublished data): (i) a poor focusing of released HPTS fluorescence under the condition of V HPTS ≫ V MSB or V HPTS ≪ V MSB , resulting in great dilution of released HPTS molecule and sensitivity decrease, (ii) a fair focusing of HPTS under the condition of V MSB ≈ 2 V HPTS or V MSB ≈ 1/2 V HPTS (unpublished data), and (iii) a good fluorescence focusing under the condition of V HPTS ≈ V MSB (unpublished data), leading to great condensation of released HPTS molecule and good sensitivity increase. Thus, in the MSB-based electrophoresis chip, there was strong fluorescence focusing efficiency during the injection of BBV-HPTS probe if the released dye of HPTS migrated with a close velocity of MSB. − The control of MSB velocity will be briefly discussed in Section 3.2.…”

“…The principle of fluorescent sensing via MSB electrophoresis was based on the concept of MRB developed in our previous work. − Figure b and c as well as Figure S2 showcased the basic principle of fluorescent sensing of sugar-based analytes via the developed MSB electrophoresis. First, multicapillary was filled with target molecule of glucose or HbA 1c in gel, and the complex probe of BBV-HPTS was loaded via the tiny cathodic silicone tube (panel (a) in Figure S2 and Figure ).…”

“…24 However, it was rarely reported that boric acidor the BBV-based molecule was used to (i) create a novel model of moving supramolecular boundary (MSB) electrophoresis and (ii) design fluorescent focusing of MSB for sensitive monitoring of saccharide, especially glycoprotein. The concept of moving reaction boundary (MRB) 25−31 has been developed from the important idea of precipitate front, 32,33 including the neutralization, 25−27 precipitate, 27 chelation, 27,28 redox, 29 and interaction 30,31 boundaries. In a normal MRB system, there are positive and negative reaction ions (e.g., hydrogen and hydroxyl ions) which move in an opposite direction and react with each other when they meet together.…”

“…The concept of moving reaction boundary (MRB) − has been developed from the important idea of precipitate front, , including the neutralization, − precipitate, chelation, , redox, and interaction , boundaries. In a normal MRB system, there are positive and negative reaction ions (e.g., hydrogen and hydroxyl ions) which move in an opposite direction and react with each other when they meet together.…”

Theoretical and experimental studies on isotachophoresis in multi-moving chelation boundary system formed with metal ions and EDTA

“…In 1997-2008, Cao et al [39][40][41] developed the concept of MRB for isoelectric focusing (IEF) and sample stacking in CE. Up to now, six kinds of MRB systems have been developed by the authors, including the moving precipitate boundary, [34][35][36][37]39 moving neutralization boundary, [38][39][40][41] moving chelation boundary (MCB), 40,42 moving oxidation-reduction boundary 40,43 and moving affinity boundary 44 as well as moving supramolecular or interaction boundary. 40,45 A novel MRB-based ITP mode has been observed in the experiments on MCB.…”