Model Cities for Resilience: Climate-led Initiatives

Abstract

Paris Agreement of December 2015 was the last official initiative led by the United Nations (UN) as the driver of climate change mitigation. Climate change was hence linked with an increase in the occurrence of natural hazards. A variety of initiatives were consequently adopted under different themes such as sustainable cities, climate-friendly development, and low-carbon cities. However, most of the initiatives targeted by global cities with urban areas being the focus in terms of taking action against global warming issues. This is due to the structural and environmental features of cities characterized by being populated, as such, they not only generate a large number of carbon emissions but also happens to be the biggest consumer of natural resources. In turn, they create a microclimate, which contributes to climate change. Masdar City, for example, was designed as the first fully sustainable urban area, which replaced fuel-based energy with electric-based energy. China, as another example, introduced the Sponge Cities action, a method of urban water management to mitigate against flooding. Consequently, architects and urban planners are urged to conform to the proposals that would mitigate global warming. This paper, as a result, examines some of the models that have been internationally adopted and thereafter provide recommendations that can be implemented in large urban areas in Turkey, primarily in Istanbul.

Mathematical Model Applied to Green Building Concept for Sustainable Cities Under Climate Change

“…Figure 1 displays the total amount of GHG emissions for top GHG emitted countries in 1990-2012 (Hanley, 2015). The last official commencement on climate affairs was carried out by the United Nations (UN) in December 2015 to discuss the global toxic emission which is known as Paris Agreement (Yilmaz, 2021). According to Paris Agreement, all the countries signed to limit global warming "well below" to 2 0 c and if possible to 1.5 0 C (Lebling et al, 2020).…”

Developing Resilience to Emergencies: Evaluation of Thermal Indices and Outdoor Comfort Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…The report noted that the effects are more intensely felt in most populated communities and cities. Climate change has also been associated with a rise in the frequency of natural disasters in various locations (Yilmaz, 2021). Additionally, a range of interventions has been developed under various topics such as sustainable cities, climate-friendly initiatives, and low-carbon metropolises (Yilmaz, 2021).…”

“…Climate change has also been associated with a rise in the frequency of natural disasters in various locations (Yilmaz, 2021). Additionally, a range of interventions has been developed under various topics such as sustainable cities, climate-friendly initiatives, and low-carbon metropolises (Yilmaz, 2021). Existing research has also discussed that cities are usually warmer than rural districts and this outcome can be attributed to the effect referred to as urban heat island-UHI (Ward et al, 2016).…”

The Influence of the Thermal Conduction and Detail Development Process in Architecture

“…Apart from these standpoints, a handful of authors researched the notion of thermal conduction. Throughout this research, we will focus on the following concepts of the design development process: material science, the importance of material research [7], the relation between thermal aspects, and solar energy storage [8], energy and smart city initiatives [9], local climate and residential design [10], thermal comfort in buildings [11], and the climate and the city [12]. Besides the importance of materiality in the architectural design process outlined above, it is also, important to note that the issue of heat flow is part of national and international standards.…”