Model checking based analysis of end-to-end latency in embedded, real-time systems with clock drifts

Mohalik, Swarup Kumar; Rajeev, A. C.; Dixit, Manoj G.; Ramesh, S.; Suman, P. Vijay; Pandya, Paritosh K.; Jiang, Shengbing

doi:10.1145/1391469.1391544

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A similar effect of small disturbances with significant consequences in the results is described in [13]. This work analyzes the effect of clock drifts on the upper bound of message latency.…”

Section: Uncertainty In Model-based Design Space Explorationmentioning

confidence: 69%

Pareto Analysis with Uncertainty

Hendriks

Geilen²,

Basten³

2011

2011 IFIP 9th International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing

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Abstract-Pareto analysis is a broadly applicable method to model and analyze tradeoffs in multi-objective optimization problems. The set of Pareto optimal solutions is guaranteed to contain the best solution for any arbitrary cost function or selection procedure. This work introduces a method to explicitly take uncertainty into account during Pareto analysis. A solution is not modeled by a single point in the solution space, but rather by a set of such points. This is useful in settings with much uncertainty, such as during model-based design space exploration for embedded systems. A bounding-box abstraction is introduced as a finite representation of Pareto optimal solutions under uncertainty. It is shown that the set of Pareto optimal solutions in the proposed approach still captures exactly the potentially best solutions for any cost function as well as any way of reducing the amount of uncertainty. During model-based design space exploration, for instance, design and implementation choices that are made during the development process reduce the amount of uncertainty. Steps in such a refinement trajectory can render previously Pareto optimal solutions suboptimal. The presented results provide a way to ensure that early selections in the refinement process remain valid.

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Section: Uncertainty In Model-based Design Space Explorationmentioning

confidence: 69%

Pareto Analysis with Uncertainty

Hendriks

Geilen²,

Basten³

2011

2011 IFIP 9th International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing

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“…An ECU clock contains a crystal oscillator that ticks at a nominal frequency and a counter for counting ticks. However, the actual frequency which determines the clock offset of an ECU is affected by the environment, such as the temperature [36,37]. Based on our observation, the average clock offset of ECU varies regularly with temperatures.…”

Section: Basic Ideamentioning

confidence: 97%

Advanced Temperature-Varied ECU Fingerprints for Source Identification and Intrusion Detection in Controller Area Networks

Tian

Jiang

et al. 2020

Security and Communication Networks

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External wireless interfaces and the lack of security design of controller area network (CAN) standards make it vulnerable to CAN-targeting attacks. Unfortunately, various defense solutions have been proposed merely to detect CAN intrusion attacks, while only a few works are devoted to intrusion source identification. Demonstrated by our experimental studies, the most advanced IDS with intrusion source identification, which is based on the physical feature fingerprints of the in-vehicle Electronic Control Units (ECUs), will fail when the temperature changes. In this paper, we innovatively propose temperature-varied fingerprinting, called TVF, for CAN intrusion detection and intrusion source identification. Motivated by the remarkable observation that the physical feature of an ECU, i.e., its clock offset, changes linearly with the temperature of ECUs, the concept of temperature-varied fingerprints is proposed. Then, for a severe intrusion case, we provide an advanced TVF for further supplemented and expanded. The proposed advanced temperature-varied fingerprinting is implemented, and extensive performance evaluation experiments are conducted in both CAN bus prototype and real vehicles. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness and performance of advanced TVF.

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“…Cho and Shin [58] suggested the use of clock skew to detect intrusions. Although ECUs run the same frequency, they may have random drifting exceeding 2400 ms in a day [61]. They fingerprinted the transmitter ECU via the clock skew and detected the intrusions.…”

Section: Physical Characteristic Based Idsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of CAN Bus Security Challenges

Bozdal

Samie

Aslam

et al. 2020

Sensors

112

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The automobile industry no longer relies on pure mechanical systems; instead, it benefits from many smart features based on advanced embedded electronics. Although the rise in electronics and connectivity has improved comfort, functionality, and safe driving, it has also created new attack surfaces to penetrate the in-vehicle communication network, which was initially designed as a close loop system. For such applications, the Controller Area Network (CAN) is the most-widely used communication protocol, which still suffers from various security issues because of the lack of encryption and authentication. As a result, any malicious/hijacked node can cause catastrophic accidents and financial loss. This paper analyses the CAN bus comprehensively to provide an outlook on security concerns. It also presents the security vulnerabilities of the CAN and a state-of-the-art attack surface with cases of implemented attack scenarios and goes through different solutions that assist in attack prevention, mainly based on an intrusion detection system (IDS).

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Model checking based analysis of end-to-end latency in embedded, real-time systems with clock drifts

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Pareto Analysis with Uncertainty

Pareto Analysis with Uncertainty

Advanced Temperature-Varied ECU Fingerprints for Source Identification and Intrusion Detection in Controller Area Networks

Evaluation of CAN Bus Security Challenges

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