“…Immunodeficient mice are an increasingly popular research model due to their utility in studying human immune responses and cancer, and their use has increased significantly in preclinical research for multiple applications. 5,11,21,24,35,39,45,52 In preclinical studies in areas such as oncology and immunology, immunodeficient mice have been important to the understanding of mechanisms of disease, target identification and validation, and toxicologic effects of compounds. In addition, immunodeficient strains may recapitulate some of the immune dysfunction observed following immunosuppressive conditions in humans, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, infectious disease, or paraneoplastic syndromes, 17,48 and therefore may serve as a better predictor of toxicokinetics and safety in these instances.…”