Model-based load change reaction optimization using vehicle drivetrain test beds

Methods for Virtual Validation of Automotive Powertrain Systems in Terms of Vehicle Drivability—A Systematic Literature Review

“…From the point of the vehicle development process, one notable trend is the gain of software functions in the vehicle. An exponential increase in terms of internal combustion engine (ICE) control unit parameters from 85 in 1980 [124, p. 11], over 10,000 in 1990 [124, p. 11] up to 30,000 in 2017 [135] substantiates this tendency. The number of control units in a car amounts to more than 100 [42, p. 2] respectively 125 [113, p. 2].…”

“…The first group embodies models with up to four degrees of freedom (DOF). These models are used mostly for rough estimation on lower powertrain natural frequencies (see [56,135,148]). Aside from that, a second class comprises models with up to about 9-15 DOF incorporating additional components like 1D engine, simplified tyre or suspension models.…”

“…Investigations have been carried out regarding human exposure to whole-body vibrations while preparing an objective correlation to human perception of vibrations. The targets of these studies were quantifying these vibrations to comfort, vibration perception, and motion sickness For most applications in the context of drivability, a bandpass filter is recommended with a lower cut-off frequency of about 1-2 Hz and an upper one of about 10 Hz [60,69,87,135,154], 20 Hz [118] or 32-40 Hz [34,81,95]. To avoid a phase delay of the longitudinal acceleration signal introduced by conventional analogous filtering, a zero-phase digital filtering is applied frequently [66].…”

“…Most authors suggest the application of W c , in rare cases in combination with W k and W e and sometimes with refinement (e.g. taking into account the characteristic of amplitudes of the vibration signal) [68,95,127,135,151]. All three show a distinct plateau-like peak region around the drivabilityrelated frequency range of about 2-10 Hz.…”

Efficient Simulation Based Calibration of Automated Driving Functions Based on Sensitivity Based Optimization

“…The suitability of an algorithm from the class of global gradient-free optimizers is mainly dependent on the respective calibration problem [6]. Preceding research in the field of vehicle system calibrations has mostly been carried out with the genetic algorithm (GA) [13], [15] and particle swarm optimization method (PSO) [25], [26], [27]. Therefore, these two population-based approaches are described and experimentally compared in the following.…”