Model-based framework for multi-axial real-time hybrid simulation testing

Fermandois, Gastón A.; Spencer, Billie F.

doi:10.1007/s11803-017-0407-8

Cited by 56 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This method provides an optimal compensation allowing actuators to track inputs with higher frequency contents up to 30 Hz. Fermandois and Spencer (2017) proposed a model-based feedforward-feedback controller to improve the robustness and compensate the time delay of the 1/5th-scale Load and Boundary Condition Box (LBCB), and this method was verified in a six-DOF loading test.…”

Section: Delay Compensation Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Real-Time Hybrid Testing Technology for Shaking Table Substructure Testing

Tian

Shao

Zhou

et al. 2020

Front. Built Environ.

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Shaking table substructure testing (STST) takes the substructure with complex behavior physically tested, with the behavior of the rest structural system being numerically simulated. This substructure testing allows the payload of a shaking table being fully utilized in testing of the most concerned part, thus significantly increases its loading capacity. The key to achieve a successful STST is to coordinate among the substructures, specifically, to satisfy compatibility, equilibrium, and synchronization at the boundary between numerical and experimental substructures. A number of studies have focused on the essential techniques of STST, and several applications have been carried out. Nonetheless, its progress is still in the preliminary stage, because of the limited applications using multi-directional shaking tables on large-scale specimens. This paper reviews a series of STSTs and their associated implementation aspects including hybrid testing frameworks, time integration algorithms, delay compensation methods, shaking table and actuator control schemes and boundary force measurement methods. The key techniques required for a successful test are also stressed, such as the force control of actuators to coordination among the substructures. Finally, challenges for future studies and applications are identified and presented.

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Section: Delay Compensation Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Real-Time Hybrid Testing Technology for Shaking Table Substructure Testing

Tian

Shao

Zhou

et al. 2020

Front. Built Environ.

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“…For the second problem, the axial displacement prediction technique at the boundary is presented, because the axial displacement is usually too small to measure accurately using displacement sensors [25]. Moreover, the axial displacement at the boundary must be obtained to start the simulation of the numerical substructure for the next step, so that the axial forces can be obtained from the numerical substructure simulation results to apply to the boundary of the physical substructure by the hydraulic actuators.…”

Section: Boundary Technique For the Hsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are currently four Multi-Axis Substructure Testing MAST systems in the world including MAST at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), the University of Minnesota (USA), Swinburne University of Technology (Australia) and Ecole Polytechnique Montreal (Canada) that have the capabilities of six-DOF switched and mixed displacement and force modes of control [24][25][26]. The MAST at Swinburne has already been used in such hybrid simulation tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substructure Hybrid Simulation Boundary Technique Based on Beam/Column Inflection Points

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Compatibility among substructures is an issue for hybrid simulation. Traditionally, the structure model is regarded as the idealized shear model. The equilibrium and compatibility of the axial and rotational direction at the substructure boundary are neglected. To improve the traditional boundary technique, this paper presents a novel substructure hybrid simulation boundary technique based on beam/column inflection points, which can effectively avoid the complex operation for realizing the bending moment at the boundary by using the features of the inflection point where the bending moment need not be simulated in the physical substructure. An axial displacement prediction technique and the equivalent force control method are used to realize the proposed method. The numerical simulation test scheme for the different boundary techniques was designed to consider three factors: (i) the different structural layers; (ii) the line stiffness ratio of the beam to column; and (iii) the peak acceleration. The simulation results for a variety of numerical tests show that the proposed technique shows better performance than the traditional technique, demonstrating its potential in improving HS test accuracy. Finally, the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed boundary technique is verified experimentally through the substructure hybrid simulation tests of a six-story steel frame model.

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“…To address this, Mercan et al 18 used both incremental kinematic transformation (IKT) method and total kinematic transformation method without iteration to perform hybrid simulation. However, the former requires a small‐time interval to avoid significant error accumulation, whereas the latter requires two nonparallel sensors attached to a common point on the loading block 19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐degree‐of‐freedom force‐displacement mixed control strategy for structural testing

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2020

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Structural members carry spatial loads owing to, for example, gravity, winds, and earthquakes. Loads along multiple degrees of freedoms (DOF) should be synchronously imposed on the loading point for accurately reproducing structural responses under spatial loading. Strong coupling may exist among the multiple DOFs owing to specimen rigidity, posing significant challenges for actuator control. Two major problems should be solved to address this challenge. The first is the nonlinear coordinate transformation from the local actuator space (LAS) to the global Cartesian coordinate (GCC) system, depending on the current GCC position of the loading point. The second is the mixed control scheme for engineering specimens, that is, force control in rigid directions and simultaneous displacement control in soft directions, which depends greatly on the nonlinearities developed in specimens. To overcome these difficulties, a modified Newton-Raphson (NR) iteration integrated with a PI control (MNR-PI) is developed to handle material nonlinearity, and the incremental kinematic transformation method integrated with PI control (IKT-PI) is proposed to solve the nonlinear coordinate transformation problem. The theoretical background of the MNR-PI, which can be synchronously incorporated with the control process of the loading system to solve nonlinear problems, is first provided. The control gains are then designed by discrete control theory, and a new MDOF force-displacement mixed control method is accordingly formulated and numerically simulated. Finally, three-DOF cyclic tests on a steel column are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method.

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Model-based framework for multi-axial real-time hybrid simulation testing

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

Advances in Real-Time Hybrid Testing Technology for Shaking Table Substructure Testing

Advances in Real-Time Hybrid Testing Technology for Shaking Table Substructure Testing

Substructure Hybrid Simulation Boundary Technique Based on Beam/Column Inflection Points

Multi‐degree‐of‐freedom force‐displacement mixed control strategy for structural testing

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