Model-based control of injection pultrusion process

Voorakaranam, Srikanth; Kardos, J. L.; Joseph, Babu

doi:10.1109/acc.1998.703203

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It was shown that the model could be effectively used in die geometry design as well as optimization of the operating conditions for a given pultrudate. Voorakaranam et al (1998) presented a study on maximizing the production rates while maintaining IP quality. Based on statistical signifi cance tests, streamlined regression models were generated by identifying processing variables and parameters that have a crucial bearing on the part quality as well as by eliminating superfl uous variables.…”

Section: Experimental Studies and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pultrusion process for polymer matrix composites

Joshi

2012

Manufacturing Techniques for Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs)

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Section: Experimental Studies and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pultrusion process for polymer matrix composites

Joshi

2012

Manufacturing Techniques for Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs)

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“…At the same time, the temperature of the first zone should not exceed a certain temperature, since the power consumption might become too large due to the low infeed temperature of the fibers and resin. 21 Jaklitsch et al 22 identified an optimum die-temperature/ pull-speed combination in regard to the mechanical properties (shear-and bending strength) for an anhydride epoxy based GFRP profile. An increase in pull-speed decreased the mechanical properties slightly at the optimum dietemperature of 177°C in three zones, and a change of temperature decreased the shear strength.…”

Section: Quality Related Process Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of quality related process variables in pultrusion by correlation of numerical and experimental data with application of an inline data acquisition system

Heimbucher,

Seeßelberg,

Giese

et al. 2024

Journal of Composite Materials

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The pultrusion process is an efficient technology for the continuous production of fiber reinforced polymers. While the process is industrially established for decades, the interactions between process parameters and material quality of pultruded profiles are – despite various studies – not fully understood yet. Due to the complexity of the process and the variety of materials, it is difficult to identify generic and quality related process relationships. Based on a novel multidisciplinary approach, this paper investigates the correlation between simulation data and experimental based process- and quality data. Therefore, a pultrusion-specific epoxy resin is characterized and modelled and thermo-chemical process simulations are performed. A for pultrusion unique inline quality assurance and data acquisition system was developed, built-up and applied during the production of a rectangular, glass-fiber reinforced profile. The analyzed data involves cure variables, die pressure, temperature, pull-speed and -force, ultrasonic data, surface waviness and roughness and void content. As main result, the position of gelation at the profile’s centerline in respect to the die length was determined as important criteria to maintain a sufficient material quality. Furthermore, a correlation between the die pressure and an insufficient degree of cure was identified. No significant influences of the process parameters on the material quality could be observed as long as the process stayed in a stable process window. This indicates that no severe quality losses have to be expected at higher production rates. The methods and results developed in this work are applicable for the implementation in an automated process control in pultrusion.

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“…Since the patent by Goldsworthy in 1959, 8 the continued economic importance of pultrusion over the last three decades has resulted in significant attention being paid to process modification 9–16 and optimisation via modelling. 9,17–31…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-site evaluation of a modified pultrusion process: Fibre spreading and resin injection-based impregnation

Irfan

Harris

Paget

et al. 2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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The focus of the current research was to demonstrate a modified pultrusion technique at an industrial site using a commercial production machine. In this instance, the conventional resin bath was replaced by a custom-designed compact impregnation unit. The dimensions of the impregnator were 310 mm × 400 mm × 9 mm. The relatively short length of the impregnator, when compared to a 5 litre resin bath, meant that it had to be efficient in impregnating the reinforcing fibre bundles. This was achieved using a fibre spreading unit and a facility to inject the resin under low-pressure. The design basis for the fibre spreading unit and the impregnator are presented along with the methodology that was used to select the pultrusion speed and die temperature. The pultrusion experiments were performed using filled and unfilled vinyl ester resin and E-glass fibres. The profile of the 0.5 metre-long die was rectangular with dimensions of 32 mm × 2.2 mm. The fibre spreading unit and the impregnator were retrofitted to the pultrusion line with ease. The physical, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties were determined for the pultruded composites using the resin bath and the modified technique. The properties of the latter were found to be equivalent or marginally superior when compared to the resin bath-based production method. However, in the modified pultrusion technique, when compared to conventional resin bath-based pultrusion, the volume of waste resin generated was 97% lower. The volume of solvent required to clean the equipment after production was reduced by 90%.

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Model-based control of injection pultrusion process

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

The pultrusion process for polymer matrix composites

The pultrusion process for polymer matrix composites

Investigation of quality related process variables in pultrusion by correlation of numerical and experimental data with application of an inline data acquisition system

On-site evaluation of a modified pultrusion process: Fibre spreading and resin injection-based impregnation

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