Model-Based Approaches to Understanding Musculoskeletal Filtering of Neural Signals

Burkholder, Thomas J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3267-2_4

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…1 & 2 (90 ms) makes it very difficult to voluntarily modulate this force during the contact. Typically fast feedback corrections are observed in muscle activity within the first 50-100 ms after the onset of a mechanical perturbation (57–59), but hand force is likely low-pass filtered by the musculoskeletal system (60) and consequently may not include effects of feedback responses. It is extremely unlikely that the short time window of contact in Exps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smooth pursuit eye movements contribute to anticipatory force control during mechanical stopping of moving objects

Sinha¹,

Madarshahian²,

Gómez-Granados³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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When stopping a closing door or catching an object, humans process the motion of inertial objects and apply reactive limb force over short period to interact with them. One way in which the visual system processes motion is through extraretinal signals associated with smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM). We conducted three experiments to investigate how SPEM contributes to anticipatory and reactive hand force modulation when interacting with a virtual object moving in the horizontal plane. Participants held a robotic manipulandum and attempted to stop an approaching simulated object by applying a force impulse (area under force-time curve) that matched the objects virtual momentum upon contact. We manipulated the objects momentum by varying either its virtual mass or its speed under free gaze or fixed gaze conditions. We examined gaze variables, timing of hand motor responses, anticipatory force control, and overall task performance. Our results show that extraretinal signals associated with SPEM are important for anticipatory modulation of hand force prior to contact. However, SPEM did not seem to affect the timing of the motor response or the task performance. Together, these results suggest that SPEM are important for anticipatory control of hand force prior to contact and may also play a critical role in anticipatory stabilization of limb posture when humans interact with moving objects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smooth pursuit eye movements contribute to anticipatory force control during mechanical stopping of moving objects

Sinha¹,

Madarshahian²,

Gómez-Granados³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is important to note that the mechanical interaction during the contact is primarily determined by feedforward commands to muscles and muscle’s intrinsic viscoelastic properties (Burdet et al 2013) because the 90 ms contact duration is too short for voluntary feedback correction. Though fast feedback corrections are observed in muscle activity within the first 50-100 ms after mechanical perturbations (reviewed in Scott 2012; Kurtzer 2015), hand force is likely low-pass filtered by the musculoskeletal system (Burkholder 2016) and consequently may not include effects of feedback responses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object motion influences feedforward motor responses during mechanical stopping of virtual projectiles: A preliminary study

Kurtzer

Singh

2021

Preprint

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An important window into sensorimotor function is how we catch moving objects. Studies that examined catching of free-falling objects report that the timing of the motor response is independent of the momentum of the projectile, whereas the motor response amplitude scales with projectile momentum. However, this pattern may not be a general strategy of catching since objects accelerate under gravity in a characteristic manner (unlike object motion in the horizontal plane) and the human visual motion-processing system is not adept at encoding acceleration. Accordingly, we developed a new experimental paradigm using a robotic manipulandum and augmented reality where participants stabilized against the impact of a virtual object moving at constant velocity in the horizontal plane. Participants needed to apply an impulse that mirrored the object momentum to bring it to rest and received explicit feedback on their performance. In different blocks, object momentum was varied by an increase in its speed or mass. In contrast to previous reports on free falling objects, we observed that increasing object speed caused earlier onset of arm muscle activity and limb force relative to the impending time to contact. Also, arm force increased as a function of target momentum linked to changes in speed or mass. Our results demonstrate velocity-dependent timing to catch objects and a complex pattern of scaling to momentum.

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“…The limb posture also influences the precision of limb position sense and endpoint position control. The limb posture constrains, to a large extent, the limb endpoint precision and stiffness ellipses, which are perpendicular to each other (Bunderson et al, 2010;Burkholder, 2016;Oh and Prilutsky, 2022).…”

Section: Contribution Of Cat Forelimb Morphology To Somatosensory Con...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Forelimb Morphology in Muscle Sensorimotor Functions During Locomotion in the Cat

Rahmati,

Klishko,

Martin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Previous studies established strong links between morphological characteristics of mammalian hindlimb muscles and their sensorimotor functions during locomotion. Less is known about the role of forelimb morphology in motor outputs and generation of sensory signals. Here, we measured morphological characteristics of 46 forelimb muscles from 6 cats. These characteristics included muscle attachments, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), fascicle length, etc. We also recorded full-body mechanics and EMG activity of forelimb muscles during level overground and treadmill locomotion in 7 and 16 adult cats of either sex, respectively. We computed forelimb muscle forces along with force- and length-dependent sensory signals mapped onto corresponding cervical spinal segments. We found that patterns of computed muscle forces and afferent activities were strongly affected by the muscle’s moment arm, PCSA, and fascicle length. Morphology of the shoulder muscles suggests distinct roles of the forelimbs in lateral force production and movements. Patterns of length-dependent sensory activity of muscles with long fibers (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis) closely matched patterns of overall forelimb length, whereas the activity pattern of biceps brachii matched forelimb orientation. We conclude that cat forelimb muscle morphology contributes substantially to locomotor function, particularly to control lateral stability and turning, rather than propulsion.

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Model-Based Approaches to Understanding Musculoskeletal Filtering of Neural Signals

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

Smooth pursuit eye movements contribute to anticipatory force control during mechanical stopping of moving objects

Smooth pursuit eye movements contribute to anticipatory force control during mechanical stopping of moving objects

Object motion influences feedforward motor responses during mechanical stopping of virtual projectiles: A preliminary study

Role of Forelimb Morphology in Muscle Sensorimotor Functions During Locomotion in the Cat

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