Mode structure of coupled L3 photonic crystal cavities

Chalcraft, A. R. A.; Lam, Sang; Jones, Bryan D.; Szymanski, D.; Oulton, Ruth; Thijssen, A. C. T.; Skolnick, M. S.; Whittaker, D. M.; Krauss, Thomas F.; Fox, A. M.

doi:10.1364/oe.19.005670

Cited by 58 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…In quantum mechanics, the molecular ground state is expected to be a bonding state and the first excited state is expected to be an anti-bonding state. However, due to the oscillating nature of the evanescent waves in the photonic band gaps, as observed in other photonic systems 22,23 , and also in electronic systems 24 , in our system of coupled L0-type PC microcavities aligned at 0 degrees, the lower frequency ground state changes from bonding to anti-bonding by varying the distance between the PC microcavities, as shown in Fig. 3 (e).…”

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confidence: 73%

Ultra-compact and wide-spectrum-range thermo-optic switch based on silicon coupled photonic crystal microcavities

Zhang

Chakravarty

Chung

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We design, fabricate and experimentally demonstrate a compact thermo-optic gate switch comprising a 3.78µm-long coupled L0-type photonic crystal microcavities on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. A nanohole is inserted in the center of each individual L0 photonic crystal microcavity. Coupling between identical microcavities gives rise to bonding and anti-bonding states of the coupled photonic molecules. The coupled photonic crystal microcavities are numerically simulated and experimentally verified with a 6nm-wide flat-bottom resonance in its transmission spectrum, which enables wider operational spectrum range than microring resonators. An integrated micro-heater is in direct contact with the silicon core to efficiently drive the device. The thermo-optic switch is measured with an optical extinction ratio of 20dB, an on-off switching power of 18.2mW, a therm-optic tuning efficiency of 0.63nm/mW, a rise time of 14.8µsec and a fall time of 18.5µsec. The measured on-chip loss on the transmission band is as low as 1dB.Integrated optical switches are important building blocks in silicon photonics. While output-port-selective switches are useful for optical routing applications, optical gate switches with single output port for off-to-on and on-to-off operations also have many potential applications such as optical interconnects and optical logic devices 1,2 . Silicon based optical gate switches have attracted a significant amount of attentions in recent years, due to their small size, large scalability, and potential for integration with wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems. Since silicon's thermo-optic (TO) effect is significantly larger than its electro-optic (EO) effect, silicon TO switches promises efficient and low-power operation. Conventional MachZehnder interferometers and directional couplers can be used as optical gate switching structures, but they require long waveguides (several millimeters) to obtain π phase shift of light and require relatively high switching power, which limits the integration density and energy conservation 3,4 . Another type of widely-used compact structure for efficient switches a microring resonator. So far, the smallest ring diameter reported is 3µm 5 ; however, one drawback of microring switches is the a

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confidence: 73%

Ultra-compact and wide-spectrum-range thermo-optic switch based on silicon coupled photonic crystal microcavities

Zhang

Chakravarty

Chung

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Overall, it is shown that the coupling strength of PhC photo nic molecules can be controlled using FlIJ printing simply by changing the separation of the printed strip cavities, thus overcoming limitations imposed by the discrete photonic lattice. [34] To demonstrate direct writing of a nanocavity, we explored the creation of cavities using a blank PhC template (without any waveguide). So far, related experimental demonstrations have involved selective infiltration of PhC air-holes with a lowrefractive-index fluid using a needle contacting the hole sidewall, and have opened exciting prospects for making rewritable photonic circuits [35,36] and for applications in particle sensing [37,38] or quantum optics.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201704425mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet‐Printed Nanocavities on a Photonic Crystal Template

et al. 2017

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the possibility of creating nanocavities by depositing a low-refractive-index polymer on a photonic crystal waveguide. [14][15][16][17] This is suggestive of the technological and scientific potential that could be realized by bringing patterned unconventional low-refractive-index materials into intimate contact with conventional inorganic PhC templates: on the one hand, the production of photonic devices by postprocessing a generic, mass-produced, photonic crystal template; on the other hand, new device architecture/functionalities and fundamental light-matter interaction studies through the wealth of solution-processable nano-, hybrid, and soft materials that have emerged over the last decade. However, this potential has been frustrated thus far, as the approaches pursued to date for the deposition of the low-refractive-index materials relied on e-beam or UV exposure technique, both being highly material specific and requiring multiple complex fabrication steps.Here we propose and demonstrate the printing of nanocavities using an electrohydrodynamic jet printer with femtoliter droplet delivery [18][19][20] on a generic 2D photonic crystal template. Our free-form, bottom-up approach offers the possibility of assigning by design any solution processable material on the surface of a photonic crystal in a single fabrication step. In the following, we demonstrate the fine tuning of the cavity emission and the reproducible printing of nanocavities with high Q factors, which also enable the fabrication of photonic molecules with controllable splitting. Three different cavity designs areThe last decade has witnessed the rapid development of inkjet printing as an attractive bottom-up microfabrication technology due to its simplicity and potentially low cost. The wealth of printable materials has been key to its widespread adoption in organic optoelectronics and biotechnology. However, its implementation in nanophotonics has so far been limited by the coarse resolution of conventional inkjet-printing methods. In addition, the low refractive index of organic materials prevents the use of "soft-photonics" in applications where strong light confinement is required. This study introduces a hybrid approach for creating and fine tuning high-Q nanocavities, involving the local deposition of an organic ink on the surface of an inorganic 2D photo nic crystal template using a commercially available high-resolution inkjet printer. The controllability of this approach is demonstrated by tuning the resonance of the printed nanocavities by the number of printer passes and by the fabrication of photonic crystal molecules with controllable splitting. The versatility of this method is evidenced by the realization of nanocavities obtained by surface deposition on a blank photonic crystal. A new method for a free-form, high-density, material-independent, and highthroughput fabrication technique is thus established with a manifold of opportunities in photonic applications.

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“…The photonic bandgap in these nano-structures allows for effective light confinement in a very small cavity volume together with low optical loss. At the same time, PhCs give easier and more flexible design ability for coupled cavities [114,115]. Therefore, coupled PhC nano-resonators present a more suitable platform for lab on-chip experiments and have also been promising for the development of fast lasers [116,117] and switchable lasers [118].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PhC devices with various geometries and structures such as hollow core PhC fibers [131], 1D and 2D waveguides [132,133] and nano-cavities [114,115,[134][135][136] have been fabricated and used for sensing applications. Among these devices, PhC cavity-based sensors offer important advantages over PhC waveguide sensors since they can be made much smaller, thus reducing vulnerability from impurities and losses.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum measurement and control in single-photon opto-mechanics

Basiri-Esfahani¹

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Quantum opto-mechanics is a fast moving, broad research field which aims to investigate and control the interaction of light and the quantized motion of mechanical objects and the coupling between them. This allows one to engineer the mechanical quantum state by controlling and measuring the electromagnetic field, and conversely, to control the dynamical evolution of the optical field via its interaction with a mechanical system. Mechanical resonators are accessible in many different shapes and sizes, from kilogram scales in experiments that test gravitational theories to micro-and nano-scales in resolved sideband regime, where the frequency of the mechanical resonator is larger than the bandwidth of the optical cavity. In this regime, it is possible to cool the mechanical object to the ground state which allows a high degree of control and the ability to prepare interesting non-classical states, states that could aid in investigating the quantum dynamics of macroscopic objects. The field of quantum opto-mechanics is a promising testbed for quantum control technologies, such as fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, ultra-sensitive quantum sensors for precise measurements, phonon lasing, mechanical memories with long lifetime and quantum information processing. Furthermore, experiments are progressing toward strong opto-mechanical coupling regimes with single photons. This creates a platform that can take advantage of the nonlinear optical interactions to generate highly non-classical states in such light-matter interfaces. Photonic systems working in the single photon regime will be promising for low power applications and also for implementations of quantum information and computation.Motivated by these applications, this thesis consists of theoretical studies in the context of single photonics. This includes investigating non-classical mechanical state generation and mechanically controlling the dynamical evolution of optical fields in the strong coupling regime single photon opto-mechanics and furthermore, proposing a quantum sensor using single photonics. In this regard, we employ three important formalisms to treat and measure open quantum systems with non-Gaussian input fields: the conditional and unconditional cascaded master equations, Fock-state master equations and input-output Langevin equations. In the context of opto-mechanics, the system to be investigated is composed of two optical cavities with a coupling modulated via a mechanical resonator.In one case, a sequence of single photons are irreversibly sent to one of the optical cavities. After photons go through the opto-mechanical interaction, photon counting measurements are performed on the cavity output, conditionally steering the mechanical state to a highly nonclassical Fock state. Numerical calculations are performed to predict the experimental parameters needed to generate a mechanical Fock state before the mechanical object is thermalized.In another case, the same opto-mechanical scheme is employed to conversely modify the state ...

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Mode structure of coupled L3 photonic crystal cavities

Cited by 58 publications

References 19 publications

Ultra-compact and wide-spectrum-range thermo-optic switch based on silicon coupled photonic crystal microcavities

Ultra-compact and wide-spectrum-range thermo-optic switch based on silicon coupled photonic crystal microcavities

Inkjet‐Printed Nanocavities on a Photonic Crystal Template

Quantum measurement and control in single-photon opto-mechanics

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