“…Numerous approaches have been proposed in academic works to detect, quantify, and locate delamination in laminated composites, while vibration-based methods have demonstrated greater suitability [4][5][6], these methods can be classified into two classes: those based on low-frequency structural vibrations and those based on high-frequency guided waves. In the former category, modal parameters like modal damping, natural frequency, modal shapes [7], as well as modal shape curvature, wavelet coefficient, frequency response function (FRF), auto-regressive parameters, and power spectral density (PSD) of transient response [8][9][10][11] are typically employed for delamination evaluation [12,13], conversely, frequency centroid, phase change, correlation coefficient, the difference of amplitudes, and wavelet energy [14][15][16][17][18] are utilized for high-frequency guided wave-based methods. Generally, low-frequency structural vibration response captures the global behavior of a structure, whereas high-frequency vibration response focuses on its local aspects [19], however, high-frequency guided wave-based methods have practical limitations, such as requiring too many sensors, data acquisition at a higher rate, and complex signal processing [20], which can be challenging to implement.…”