Mode-locked multichromatic x rays in a seeded free-electron laser for single-shot x-ray spectroscopy

Xiang, Dao; Ding, Yuantao; Raubenheimer, T.O.; Wu, Juhao

doi:10.1103/physrevstab.15.050707

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…However, the physical processes under investigation often depend on the peak intensity, which is hidden in the unresolved spike structure of the pulses. In addition to the strong impact on the broad field of non-linear physics, developments towards mode-locking [114][115][116] and the generation of X-ray pulses on the attosecond timescale [34][35][36][37] are currently in progress and will ultimately originate the scientific field of attosecond X-ray physics. This imminent breakthrough demands unprecedented time resolution for the temporal characterization of the structure of SASE XFEL pulses under various modes of operation.…”

Section: Angular Streaking-full Time-energy Sase Pulse Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrashort Free-Electron Laser X-ray Pulses

et al. 2017

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For the investigation of processes happening on the time scale of the motion of bound electrons, well-controlled X-ray pulses with durations in the few-femtosecond and even sub-femtosecond range are a necessary prerequisite. Novel free-electron lasers sources provide these ultrashort, high-brightness X-ray pulses, but their unique aspects open up concomitant challenges for their characterization on a suitable time scale. In this review paper we describe progress and results of recent work on ultrafast pulse characterization at soft and hard X-ray free-electron lasers. We report on different approaches to laser-assisted time-domain measurements, with specific focus on single-shot characterization of ultrashort X-ray pulses from self-amplified spontaneous emission-based and seeded free-electron lasers. The method relying on the sideband measurement of X-ray electron ionization in the presence of a dressing optical laser field is described first. When the X-ray pulse duration is shorter than half the oscillation period of the streaking field, few-femtosecond characterization becomes feasible via linear streaking spectroscopy. Finally, using terahertz fields alleviates the issue of arrival time jitter between streaking laser and X-ray pulse, but compromises the achievable temporal resolution. Possible solutions to these remaining challenges for single-shot, full time-energy characterization of X-ray free-electron laser pulses are proposed in the outlook at the end of the review.

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Section: Angular Streaking-full Time-energy Sase Pulse Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrashort Free-Electron Laser X-ray Pulses

et al. 2017

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“…A different approach for creating a mode-locked xray pulse train is described in (Xiang et al, 2012b). This proposal makes full use of the self-seeding technique (Feldhaus et al, 1997) to impose temporal coherence over the entire electron bunch, thus eliminating the FIG.…”

Section: E Generation Of Mode-locked X-ray Pulse Trainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, a short undulator (U0) is used to FIG. 36 Schematic for generation of a mode-locked soft x ray pulse train in a self-seeded FEL (Xiang et al, 2012b).…”

Section: E Generation Of Mode-locked X-ray Pulse Trainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some prime examples of laser-beam manipulations are laser seeding techniques, which can be used to produce fully coherent x-rays naturally synchronized with the external lasers ; laser heaters, which are used to suppress the microbunching instability to produce higher radiation power (Huang et al, 2004a); periodically modulated beams for the generation of mode-locked x-rays Kur et al, 2011;Thompson and McNeil, 2008;Xiang et al, 2012b); generating localized current peaks and energy-chirps with few-cycle lasers for producing attosecond x-ray pulses (Saldin et al, 2006b;Zholents and Penn, 2005); rearranging an electron beam into an x-ray scale helix for generation of x-rays with orbital angular momentum (OAM) which may be used to probe matter in new ways (Hemsing et al, , 2009b; and producing sequential (or simultaneous) x-ray pulses with varying wavelengths for time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beam by design: Laser manipulation of electrons in modern accelerators

et al. 2014

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Accelerator-based light sources such as storage rings and free-electron lasers use relativistic electron beams to produce intense radiation over a wide spectral range for fundamental research in physics, chemistry, materials science, biology and medicine. More than a dozen such sources operate worldwide, and new sources are being built to deliver radiation that meets with the ever increasing sophistication and depth of new research. Even so, conventional accelerator techniques often cannot keep pace with new demands and, thus, new approaches continue to emerge. In this article, we review a variety of recently developed and promising techniques that rely on lasers to manipulate and rearrange the electron distribution in order to tailor the properties of the radiation. Basic theories of electron-laser interactions, techniques to create micro-and nano-structures in electron beams, and techniques to produce radiation with customizable waveforms are reviewed. We overview laser-based techniques for the generation of fully coherent x-rays, mode-locked x-ray pulse trains, light with orbital angular momentum, and attosecond or even zeptosecond long coherent pulses in free-electron lasers. Several methods to generate femtosecond pulses in storage rings are also discussed. Additionally, we describe various schemes designed to enhance the performance of light sources through precision beam preparation including beam conditioning, laser heating, emittance exchange, and various laser-based diagnostics. Together these techniques represent a new emerging concept of "beam by design" in modern accelerators, which is the primary focus of this article CONTENTS

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“…Higher harmonics can be obtained by cascading HGHG with radiators [7], or by using two pairs of modulators (M-C-M-C) as in echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) [8][9][10][11]. Strong density modulations imposed at wavelengths much longer than the radiation wavelength produce regions of high-current that can enhance the output of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in freeelectron lasers (FELs) [12], or be used for the production of a train of phase-locked pulses in x-ray FELs [13,14]. Increasing the density modulation-or bunching factoralso leads to increased efficiency in inverse FEL (IFEL) accelerator applications [15,16], where an M-C prebuncher is used as an injector to increase the number of particles at the optimal phase of the high-power drive laser field, which accelerates the beam [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascaded modulator-chicane modules for optical manipulation of relativistic electron beams

Hemsing

Xiang

2013

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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A sequential arrangement of three pairs of modulators and dispersive sections that performs precise manipulation of a relativistic electron beam's longitudinal phase space is described. We show that using only a single laser wavelength, this scheme acts as a waveform synthesizer through linearization of local regions of phase space to generate sawtooth, triangular, and square wave-type distributions. It also acts as an optical analog of an rf function generator to generate intense coherent radiation that has periodic triangle and square field profiles at the optical wavelength. The same setup can also be used to improve the high-harmonic bunching factors in echo-enabled harmonic generation schemes up to 25% and to produce a bunching factor above 90% at the laser fundamental wavelength for high-efficiency capture in inverse free electron laser acceleration applications.

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Mode-locked multichromatic x rays in a seeded free-electron laser for single-shot x-ray spectroscopy

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Ultrashort Free-Electron Laser X-ray Pulses

Ultrashort Free-Electron Laser X-ray Pulses

Beam by design: Laser manipulation of electrons in modern accelerators

Cascaded modulator-chicane modules for optical manipulation of relativistic electron beams

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