Mode-locked fiber laser with coexistence of m ultiple solitons and noise-like pulses

Abstract

Dissipative solitons (DSs) usually play an important role in understanding the intricate phenomena in various nonlinear systems. As a special regime in the dissipative system, noise-like pulses (NLPs) can have typical characteristics of ultra-broad and smooth spectrum, high pulse energy and low temporal coherence, making them a good candidate for participation in many applications, including supercontinuum generation, industrial micromachining and optical metrology. In this paper, a noteworthy observation concerning the coexisting dynamics on the multiple solitons and NLPs operation in a net-normal-dispersion passively mode-locked fiber laser based on nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) is firstly reported. In the experiment, the stable DSs can be easily obtained at a proper pump power. When appropriately increasing the pump power and changing the polarization state, the DS operation can change to the NLP regime. When the fiber laser operates in NLP state, the single soliton bunch contains multiple pulses with different temporal spacing. And the temporal interval between the adjacent pulses is in the range of several hundred picoseconds, which decreases from left to right with the change of time, indicating that there are long-distance interactions among these multiple pulses and they gradually become stronger and stronger. Besides, the pulse number of single soliton bunch on the NLP operation increases almost linearly with the increment of pump power. At the maximum pump power, there are eight pulses inside the single soliton bunch. With the increase of pump power, the average output power and pulse energy of these multiple solitons in NLP state also increase. The maximum average output power and pulse energy are 12.3 mW and 1.65 nJ, respectively. In addition, the real-time dynamic evolution of these multiple solitons in NLP state is investigated by using the time-stretch dispersive Fourier-transform method. The results show that all the pulses in NLP regime actually consist of chaotic noise waves with stochastic intensities. We believe that this paper will be of interest to the fields in ultrafast fiber lasers and nonlinear optics. Moreover, we hope that these findings will be helpful in understanding the physical mechanism of NLPs and paving the way for exploring other complex soliton dynamics.

Organic dye-loaded reduced titanium dioxide as a broadband saturable absorber for ultrafast fiber lasers

“…Similar phenomena have been obtained in EDFLs. [39][40][41][42] This is the rst time that such an operation regime has been observed in a TDFL, to the best of our knowledge. The formation of this special pulse regime is closely associated with the slow recovery and depletion mechanism for the gain in the EDFL.…”