Mode-field diameter measurements for single-mode fibers with non-Gaussian field profiles

Anderson, William T.; Shah, V.; Curtis, L.; Johnson, Aaron J.; Kilmer, Joyce

doi:10.1109/jlt.1987.1075501

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Thus, a fundamental parameter of an SMF is the mode-field diameter (MFD), which can be determined from the mode-field distribution of the fundamental fiber mode. 17,18,21 MFD is a function of the optical source wavelength, the core radius, and the refractive index profile of the fiber. MFD is analogous to the core diameter in an MMF, except that in an SMF, not all the light that propagates through the fiber is carried in the core.…”

Section: Modal Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several factors can affect the mechanical integrity of optical fibers used in biomedical environments. [20][21][22][23] Among these effects are potential strength degradations due to repeated sterilization processes, long-term exposure to UV light, damage to fibers and connectors due to improper handling, and exposure to extremely high optical power levels.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of diverse optical fibers used in biomedical research and clinical practice

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Optical fiber technology has significantly bolstered the growth of photonics applications in basic life sciences research and in biomedical diagnosis, therapy, monitoring, and surgery. The unique operational characteristics of diverse fibers have been exploited to realize advanced biomedical functions in areas such as illumination, imaging, minimally invasive surgery, tissue ablation, biological sensing, and tissue diagnosis. This review paper provides the necessary background to understand how optical fibers function, to describe the various categories of available fibers, and to illustrate how specific fibers are used for selected biomedical photonics applications. Research articles and vendor data sheets were consulted to describe the operational characteristics of conventional and specialty multimode and single-mode solid-core fibers, double-clad fibers, hard-clad silica fibers, conventional hollow-core fibers, photonic crystal fibers, polymer optical fibers, side-emitting and side-firing fibers, middle-infrared fibers, and optical fiber bundles. Representative applications from the recent literature illustrate how various fibers can be utilized in a wide range of biomedical disciplines. In addition to helping researchers refine current experimental setups, the material in this review paper will help conceptualize and develop emerging optical fiber-based diagnostic and analysis tools.

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Section: Modal Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of diverse optical fibers used in biomedical research and clinical practice

et al. 2014

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“…Therefore, at present, the main CI methods are mostly limited to the laboratory stage, that is, fibre imaging restoration is limited to dozens of pixels of black-and-white image restoration. When it comes to complexity, it arises from the inherent aberration interference of waveguide themselves and extremely complex real-world factors, including perturbations, misalignments and bending and their superpositions [25][26][27][28]. Consequently, conventional computational techniques for enhancing image quality continue to pose formidable challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In pursuit of high‐fidelity waveguide imaging restoration using deep learning algorithms: A review

Zhou,

Yang,

Xiao

et al. 2024

IET Optoelectronics

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Waveguide imaging is considered as one of the most important and widely used techniques in biomedical endoscopic applications. Recently, many attempts have been made to develop ever miniaturised in vivo imaging devices for minimally invasive clinical inspections. However, miniaturisation implies using a smaller optical aperture waveguide, which may introduce pixilation artefacts and pixel‐to‐pixel distortion to deteriorate overall imaging quality. To overcome the constraints imposed by miniaturised waveguides, the deep learning algorithms can be an effective tool to cure the imaging distortion via post‐processing, which already had encouraging results in many scenes of automatic machine‐learnt imaging restoration. The authors introduce the waveguide imaging transmission and the restoration algorithms, and then discuss their possible combinations. The results show that the integration of advanced waveguides and optimised algorithms can achieve unprecedented imaging restoration than before. In the future, in order to fill the need for high‐quality reconstructed images, we should not only improve ability of software to optimise restoration algorithms but also correspondingly concern hardware progress in waveguides. The practical sense of it is to help researchers better master and take advantage of these combinations to make next generation high‐fidelity endoscopes.

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“…Hence, a considerable amount of effort has been made to evolve simple and accurate means of characterisation of such fibers [1,2]. Hence, a considerable amount of effort has been made to evolve simple and accurate means of characterisation of such fibers [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate Empirical Relations for Characterising a Single-mode Matched Clad Fiber from its Far-field Pattern

Roy¹,

Tewari²,

Thyagarajan³

1991

Journal of Optical Communications

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We provide accurate empirical relations for characterising a single-mode matched clad fiber from its far-field radiation pattern. The empirical relations can be used to calculate accurately the Petermann 2, the rms and d x mode field diameters of the fiber. For a measurement error of < 2' in the far-field angles 0 h , Θ 40 or θ χ , where 0 h is the half intensity angle and Θ 40 (θ χ ) corresponds to the -40 dB (-oo dB) intensity level, the empirical relations are found to give an error of

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Mode-field diameter measurements for single-mode fibers with non-Gaussian field profiles

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Review of diverse optical fibers used in biomedical research and clinical practice

Review of diverse optical fibers used in biomedical research and clinical practice

In pursuit of high‐fidelity waveguide imaging restoration using deep learning algorithms: A review

Accurate Empirical Relations for Characterising a Single-mode Matched Clad Fiber from its Far-field Pattern

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