Mode-Dependent Effect of Xenon Inhalation on Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats

Abstract

Previous studies have reported the possible neuroprotective effects of xenon treatment. The purpose of this study was to define the range of effective xenon ratio, most effective xenon ratio, and time-window for intervention in the kainic acid (KA) – induced status epilepticus (SE) rat model. Different ratios of xenon (35% xenon, 21% oxygen, 44% nitrogen, 50% xenon, 21% oxygen, 29% nitrogen, 70% xenon, 21% oxygen, and 9% nitrogen) were used to treat the KA-induced SE. Our results confirmed the anti-seizure role of 50 and 70% xenon mixture, with a stronger effect from the latter. Further, 70% xenon mixture was dispensed at three time points (0 min, 15 min delayed, and 30 min delayed) after KA administration, and the results indicated the anti-seizure effect at all treated time points. The results also established that the neuronal injury in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC), assessed using Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining, were reversed by the xenon inhalation, and within 30 min after KA administration. Our study, therefore, indicates the appropriate effective xenon ratio and time-window for intervention that can depress seizures. The prevention of neuronal injury and further reversal of the loss of effective control of depress network in the hippocampus and EC may be the mechanisms underlying the anti-seizure effect of xenon.

Xenon Exerts Neuroprotective Effects on Kainic Acid-Induced Acute Generalized Seizures in Rats via Increased Autophagy

“…Previous studies have demonstrated the strong xenon neuroprotective effects (Metaxa et al, 2014 ; Lavaur et al, 2016a , b ; Zhang et al, 2019a , b ); however, the possible xenon neuroprotective effects and the underlying mechanisms in seizure-induced neuronal injury remain clear. In this study, we assessed the effects of xenon treatment on neuronal injury; moreover, we evaluated the role of autophagy in KA-induced acute generalized seizures and the involved xenon neuroprotective effects.…”

“…Coronal slices (10 μm) were obtained using a cryostat microtome (CM3050s, Leica, Germany). As previously described (Zhang et al, 2019a , b ), we performed the staining procedure (three slices/rat) as per the kit manufacturer’s instructions (AG310, Millipore, USA). Finally, the stained slices were examined under a fluorescent microscope with a 450 nm excitation light (Carl Zeiss AG, Germany), and the number of positive FJB signals (300 × 300 μm vision) in changed subregions was determined and analyzed.…”

“…Moreover, xenon treatment has been shown to exert similar neuroprotective effects and ameliorate cognitive impairment in intrauterine (Yang Y. W. et al, 2012 ) and neonatal asphyxia (Luo et al, 2008 ). Further, we previously demonstrated it had anti-epileptic and neuroprotective effects in seizure-induced neuronal injury (Zhang et al, 2019a , b ). Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanisms of xenon treatment effects and reveal potential targets for neuronal protection in epilepsy and seizure.…”

Increased thrombospondin-1 levels contribute to epileptic susceptibility in neonatal hyperthermia without seizures via altered synaptogenesis

“…EEG was recorded after sub-FS. After rats were anesthetized and immobilized, the stainless steel electrodes (0.5 mm tips uncoated; A.M. Systems, USA) were implanted into the left cortex [anteroposterior (AP), -2.3 mm; mediolateral (ML), -2.1 mm; dorsoventral (DV), -1.3 mm] for EEG recording in accordance with brain atlases (the third section) [ 79 ]. Subsequently, when the pups woke, the EEG of each animal was continuously recorded for 3 h using a Powerlab device (1-80 Hz, AD Instruments, Australia).…”

Xenon inhalation attenuates neuronal injury and prevents epilepsy in febrile seizure Sprague-Dawley pups

“…Besides, EEG recording and analysis were performed 2 months after PFS. At 53 days after initial PFS, the rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, CAS, 57–33-0, Xiya Reagent, China), and stainless steel electrodes (0.5 mm tips uncoated; A.M. Systems, USA) were implanted into the left cortex ( Zhang et al, 2019b ) using a stereotactic apparatus (Anhui Zheng Hua Biological Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd., China). In accordance with brain atlases (the third section), the electrodes were implanted [anteroposterior (AP), -3.2 mm; mediolateral (ML), -3.0 mm; dorsoventral (DV), -1.8 mm] for EEG recording.…”