Mode coupling at connectors in mode-division multiplexed transmission over few-mode fiber

Vuong, Jordi; Ramantanis, Pétros; Frignac, Yann; Salsi, M.; Genevaux, Philippe; Bendimerad, Djalal Falih; Charlet, G.

doi:10.1364/oe.23.001438

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…2. This coupling of the LP11 modes to higher order modes has also been observed in MDM systems in the presence of non-ideal fiber connections [12]. Therefore, the LP11a/b modes incur an additional penalty due to the power that is coupled into the higher order modes and not received or processed by the MIMO equalizer.…”

Section: B System Performancementioning

confidence: 59%

SLM-Based Mode Division Multiplexing System With $6 \times 6$ Sparse Equalization

Shi

Feng

Gordon

et al. 2015

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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We demonstrate a mode division multiplexing (MDM) system over an 8 km conventional graded index multimode fiber. Spatial light modulators (SLMs) are used to multiplex and demultiplex three linearly polarized (LP) modes (LP01, LP11a, and LP11b) in two polarizations. A 6 × 6 sparse frequency domain equalizer (FDE) is used as the channel impulse response of the SLM-based MDM system is found to be sparse due to the large crosstalk at the mode MUX/DEMUX and small coupling in the fiber. The signal transmitted on each mode is recovered with improved performance over conventional FDEs. The results indicate that this system can be used in short reach transmission applications to increase the system capacity.Index Terms-Mode division multiplexing, sparse equalizer, spatial light modulator.

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Section: B System Performancementioning

confidence: 59%

SLM-Based Mode Division Multiplexing System With $6 \times 6$ Sparse Equalization

Shi

Feng

Gordon

et al. 2015

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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“…MC is a key impairment that affects transmission over FMF cables. It arises from the misalignment in optical connectors/splices and is controlled by the displacement parameter δD [45]. This impairment destroys the orthogonality among fiber modes and results in crosstalk between different modes expressed by the MC matrices shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, in addition to the existing impairments of the traditional WDM network, the FMF-based network has additional impairments such as mode coupling (MC), which arises from the crosstalk between the different propagating modes. This results in transmission performance deterioration [45], [46]. Such impairments will impose an additional burden on the next generation fiber networks, where OPM becomes an important tool for system management.…”

Section: Opm In Fmf-based Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Performance Monitoring in Mode Division Multiplexed Optical Networks

Saif

Ragheb

Alshawi

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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This paper considers, for the first time, optical performance monitoring (OPM) in few mode fiber (FMF)-based optical networks. One dimensional (1D) features vector, extracted by projecting a two-dimensional (2D) asynchronous in-phase quadrature histogram (IQH), and the 2D IQH are proposed to achieve OPM in FMF-based network. Three machine learning algorithms are employed for OPM and their performances are compared. These include support vector machine, random forest algorithm, and convolutional neural network. Extensive simulations are conducted to monitor optical to signal ratio (OSNR), chromatic dispersion (CD), and mode coupling (MC) for dual polarization-quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) at 10, 12, 16, 20, and 28 Gbaud transmission speeds. Besides, M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M = 8 and 16) is considered. Also, the OPM accuracy is investigated under different FMF channel conditions including phase noise and polarization mode dispersion. Simulation results show that the proposed 1D projection features vector provides better OPM results than those of the widely used asynchronous amplitude histogram (AAH) features. Furthermore, it has been found that the 2D IQH features outperform the 1D projection features but require larger number of features samples. Additionally, the effect of fiber nonlinearity on the OPM accuracy is investigated. Finally, OPM using the 2D IQH features has been verified experimentally for 10 Gbaud DP-QPSK signal. The obtained results show a good agreement between both simulation and experimental findings.

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“…Since this is a nascent field of research, there is still much unexplored area, involving the effects of noise and nonlinearity. One of the main concerns could be the mode coupling effects, either induced by the index perturbation along the fiber (between non-degenerate modes), or due to the deviations on the transverse index profile (between degenerate modes) [ 165 ]. The most common coupling between non-degenerate modes in a FMF is schematically plotted in Figure 22 , whereas multiple parallel straight lines symbolize the non-interacting trajectories of two spatial modes.…”

Section: Prospective Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Spatial-Division Multiplexed Measurement Systems Propositions—From Telecommunication to Sensing Applications: A Review

Weng

Ip²,

Pan

et al. 2016

Sensors

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The concepts of spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) technology were first proposed in the telecommunications industry as an indispensable solution to reduce the cost-per-bit of optical fiber transmission. Recently, such spatial channels and modes have been applied in optical sensing applications where the returned echo is analyzed for the collection of essential environmental information. The key advantages of implementing SDM techniques in optical measurement systems include the multi-parameter discriminative capability and accuracy improvement. In this paper, to help readers without a telecommunication background better understand how the SDM-based sensing systems can be incorporated, the crucial components of SDM techniques, such as laser beam shaping, mode generation and conversion, multimode or multicore elements using special fibers and multiplexers are introduced, along with the recent developments in SDM amplifiers, opto-electronic sources and detection units of sensing systems. The examples of SDM-based sensing systems not only include Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry or Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDR/BOTDA) using few-mode fibers (FMF) and the multicore fiber (MCF) based integrated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, but also involve the widely used components with their whole information used in the full multimode constructions, such as the whispering gallery modes for fiber profiling and chemical species measurements, the screw/twisted modes for examining water quality, as well as the optical beam shaping to improve cantilever deflection measurements. Besides, the various applications of SDM sensors, the cost efficiency issue, as well as how these complex mode multiplexing techniques might improve the standard fiber-optic sensor approaches using single-mode fibers (SMF) and photonic crystal fibers (PCF) have also been summarized. Finally, we conclude with a prospective outlook for the opportunities and challenges of SDM technologies in optical sensing industry.

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Mode coupling at connectors in mode-division multiplexed transmission over few-mode fiber

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

SLM-Based Mode Division Multiplexing System With $6 \times 6$ Sparse Equalization

SLM-Based Mode Division Multiplexing System With $6 \times 6$ Sparse Equalization

Optical Performance Monitoring in Mode Division Multiplexed Optical Networks

Advanced Spatial-Division Multiplexed Measurement Systems Propositions—From Telecommunication to Sensing Applications: A Review

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