Modality-specific processing streams in verbal working memory: evidence from spatio-temporal patterns of brain activity

Ruchkin, Daniel S.; Berndt, Rita Sloan; Johnson, Ray; Ritter, Walter; Grafman, Jordan; Canoune, Howard L.

doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(97)00021-9

Cited by 75 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The more pronounced frontal effects during encoding may reflect the working memory load imposed by the present task, where descriptions had to be kept in mind and rehearsed before they could be associated with the face. A more positive-going frontal slow-wave might indicate easier integration of verbal information (Ruchkin et al 1997). The observed lateralization difference might reflect hemispheric asymmetries in emotional processing (Grimshaw and Carmel 2014), but this could also have been caused by possible differences in the verbal material's imageability that were not explicitly assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Something always sticks? how emotional language modulates neural processes involved in face encoding and recognition memory

Kißler¹,

Strehlow

2017

Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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AbstractLanguage can serve to constrain cognitive and emotional representations. Here, we investigate to what extent linguistic emotional information alters processing of faces with neutral expressions. Previous studies have shown that cortical processing of emotional faces differs from that of neutral faces. Electroencephalography (EEG) has revealed emotion effects for early and late event-related potentials (ERPs) such as the N1, the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) and the Late Positive Potential (LPP). In order to study the effect of language information on face processing, 30 negative and 30 neutral descriptive phrases were presented, each followed by a neutral expression face. Participants were instructed to remember the association. We analyzed the immediate effect of information type on face processing during encoding as well as delayed effects during subsequent recognition. During encoding, faces following negative language information elicited a larger left frontal positivity between 500–700 ms after stimulus onset. During recognition, a left centro-parietal LPP was likewise increased for faces previously associated with a negative description. In addition, the parietal old/new effect was significantly increased for faces with negative information compared to new ones, while no significant effect was observed for faces with neutral information. No information effects on early perceptual ERPs (N1, EPN) were found. Reaction times (RTs) for source memory decisions (negative versus neutral) were significantly shorter for faces with negative versus neutral information. In sum, ERP results indicate that emotional significance can be linguistically induced in faces on a cortical level and, at least in an explicit memory task, this information modulates later stages of face processing and memory. Implications for cognitive effects of public media design are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Something always sticks? how emotional language modulates neural processes involved in face encoding and recognition memory

Kißler¹,

Strehlow

2017

Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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“…Lang et al (1992) observed a negativity that was more predominant at the frontal scalp electrodes for 3 digits presented aurally than for 3 digits presented visually. Ruchkin et al (1997) also observed a frontal negativity present in both modalities, but they divided this negativity into a left-lateralized component that was common to both modalities and a bilateral component that was more pronounced in the auditory modality. It is not clear if the authors used "bilateral" in their description of a central distribution to suggest bilateral generators in the auditory cortices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In early ASTM studies using verbal information, ERP differences were observed between aurally and visually presented stimuli during the presentation and retention periods (Lang et al, 1992;Ruchkin et al, 1997). Lang et al (1992) observed a negativity that was more predominant at the frontal scalp electrodes for 3 digits presented aurally than for 3 digits presented visually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not clear if the authors used "bilateral" in their description of a central distribution to suggest bilateral generators in the auditory cortices. Unlike Lang et al (1992), the study of Ruchkin et al (1997) manipulated the number of syllables presented in non-words and, therefore, memory load. Their results revealed that the amplitude of the frontal negativity varied with memory load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saturation of auditory short-term memory causes a plateau in the sustained anterior negativity event-related potential

et al. 2014

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“…In general, the smaller the amplitude of a component, the larger the required number of trials is. For instance, the estimation of a large amplitude component such as the P3, or the negative slow wave, can be accomplished using about 40-80 trials (Bosch, Mecklinger, & Friederici, 2001;Johnson, 1989;Pelosi & Blumhardt, 1999;Ruchkin et al, 1997;Scheffers, Johnson, & Ruchkin, 1991), whereas a reliable estimation of the early sensory components typically employs a significantly higher number of trials per ERP average (Hickey, McDonald, & Theeuwes, 2006;Molholm, Ritter, Javitt, & Foxe, 2002;Talsma, Doty, & Woldorff, 2007;Talsma, Kok, & Ridderinkhof, 2006;Talsma & Woldorff, 2005b;Yago, Escera, Alho, & Giard, 2001). …”

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confidence: 99%

Auto‐adaptive averaging: Detecting artifacts in event‐related potential data using a fully automated procedure

Talsma

2007

Psychophysiology

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The auto-adaptive averaging procedure proposed here classifies artifacts in event-related potential data by optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio. This method rank orders single trials according to the impact of each trial on the ERP average. Then, the minimum residual background noise level in the ERP data is determined at each step in the averaging process. Trials having a negative impact on the residual background noise are discarded from the averaging procedure. Simulations showed that ERP estimates obtained by the auto-adaptive averaging procedure were either better or comparable to those obtained by single trial artifact detection methods at their most optimum configuration, in particular during long duration artifacts. Experimental data from a working memory task further illustrate the effectiveness of the method.Descriptors: Artifacts, Auto-adaptive averaging, Electroencephalography, Event-related potentials Event-related potentials (ERPs) are transient electrical voltage fluctuations that the brain elicits in response to stimuli, behavioral responses, or a wide range of cognitive processes. ERPs are embedded in electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, and are typically analyzed by averaging together segments of EEG activity (i.e., trials) that are each time-locked to the eliciting event. The underlying assumption of the averaging procedure is that the EEG signal at each trial is composed of a constant part reflecting the ERP activity and a randomly fluctuating part, constituting the concerted background activity of ongoing brain processes that are not specifically related to the event of interest. Because the randomly fluctuating background activity is by definition not correlated with the processing of the event of interest, it would theoretically average out completely should an infinite number of trials be available, leaving only the constant ERP in the remaining average. Ideally, if the ERP signal is constant, the signal-tonoise ratio of the average improves by the square root of the number of trials included in the average (beim Graben, 2001;Niedermeyer & Lopez-De Silva, 1993; see also the Appendix).ERPs are composed of a series of components, which are described by their polarity in combination with either a rank order or an estimate of the average latency of the component. For instance, P1 would indicate the first positive component and N170 would refer to a negative polarity component at 170 ms after the eliciting event. Early-latency (o200 ms after stimulus onset) components are typically related to the initial processing of sensory events and are characterized by a low amplitude (of about 1-5 mV) and a relatively high frequency. Longer latency (i.e., 200 ms and later) components are typically of a higher amplitude (10-20 mV), characterized by a low frequency, and related to higher stages of cognitive processing. In all cases, these amplitudes are significantly lower than the amplitude of the average background EEG, which is typically on the order of about 50 mV. Consequently, a large n...

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Modality-specific processing streams in verbal working memory: evidence from spatio-temporal patterns of brain activity

Cited by 75 publications

References 38 publications

Something always sticks? how emotional language modulates neural processes involved in face encoding and recognition memory

Something always sticks? how emotional language modulates neural processes involved in face encoding and recognition memory

Saturation of auditory short-term memory causes a plateau in the sustained anterior negativity event-related potential

Auto‐adaptive averaging: Detecting artifacts in event‐related potential data using a fully automated procedure

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