Mobilization of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Soils: A Review

Abou-Khalil, Charbel; Sarkar, Dibyendu; Braykaa, Pamela; Boufadel, Michel C.

doi:10.1007/s40726-022-00241-8

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…Similar explanations can help for the third phenomenon: for PFHpA w(F) values determined with MS were decisively higher than respective MAS values. PFHpA with t R = 8.2 min was corrected via 13 An extreme of this phenomenon was observed for PFOA and PFOSA where w(F) values were both determined as below LOQ for MAS-quanti cation, while MS-quanti cation led to quanti able results. For the PFOSA, the corresponding uorine concentration in the nal extract determined by MS was below the methodical LOQ of MAS (1.5 µg/L), while the uorine concentration of the corresponding PFOA samples extract determined via MS was higher than the methodical LOQ of MAS (75.0 µg/L).…”

Section: Pfas In Plant Compartments After Single Pfas Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possible explanation for this phenomenon could originate from ionization e ciency correction factors used in this study according to DIN 38414-14 (21) calculated based on the intensity of the corresponding internal standard in the sample normalized to the intensity of this internal standard in external calibration. Hence, internal standard and corrected PFAS are not (inevitable) chemically identical and (can) have differing retention times in LC (see table S2), ionization conditions can differ and over-or underestimation can occur: E.g., PFPeA with a retention time t R = 7.2 min is corrected based on the ionization e ciency of 13 C 2 -PFHxA with t R = 7.8 min.…”

Section: Pfas In Plant Compartments After Single Pfas Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite of better understanding the fate of PFAS in food webs, new techniques for PFAS remediation must be investigated. One possible way could be phytoremediation (13). Blaine et al found bioaccumulation for PFCA up to C8 carbon chain length and for PFSA up to C7 studying PFAA uptake from municipal soil and bioaccumulation for PFCA up to C9 and PFSA up to C8 from industrial soil through lettuce while tomato showed bioaccumulation only for PFCA up to C6 (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the uptake and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Comparison between target MS and sum parameter analysis via HR-CS-GFMAS

Gehrenkemper

Ruhl

Westphalen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In this study we present a screening method based on molecular absorption spectrometry to study PFAS uptake and fate in plants. To evaluate the suitability of this method we analyzed plant extracts with molecular absorption spectrometry (MAS) as well as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for mass balance studies (w(F)). French bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) were grown on spiked soil using eight PFAS substances that vary in chain length and functional group composition. Specifically, these include three short-chained (C4-C5), five long-chained (C7-C10) as well as carbonic acids, one sulfonic acid and one sulfonic amid moieties. To investigate substance-specific PFAS uptake systematically, PFAS were spiked as single substance spike. Additionally, we studied one mixture of the investigated substances in equal proportions regarding w(F) and four PFAS mixtures of unknown composition. After 6 weeks plants were separated into four compartments. We analyzed the four compartments as well as soil for extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) by HR-CS-GFMAS as well as for sum of ten target-PFAS by LC-MS/MS. All three short-chained PFAS perfluoro butanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoro butanoic sulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluoro pentanoic acid (PFPeA) were determined in high concentrations mainly in the fruits of the investigated plants while long-chained PFAS perfluoro nonanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluoro decanoic acid (PFDA) were mainly determined in roots. PFBS was determined in remarkably high concentrations in leaves compartment by both quantification methods. Overall, comprehensive results of single substance spikes were in good agreement for both methods except for few cases. Hence, two phenomena were identified: For mixed PFAS spikes of unknown composition huge differences between EOF and sum of target PFAS were observed with systematically higher EOF values. Overall, both methods indicate comparable results with MS being more reliable for known PFAS contamination and MAS being more valuable to identify PFAS exposure of unknown composition.

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Section: Pfas In Plant Compartments After Single Pfas Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pfas In Plant Compartments After Single Pfas Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigating the uptake and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Comparison between target MS and sum parameter analysis via HR-CS-GFMAS

Gehrenkemper

Ruhl

Westphalen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In general, PFAS have a special molecular structure consisting of a hydrophobic fluoroalkyl chain (repellent to both oil and water liquids) at one end and a hydrophilic functional group (attracted to aqueous liquids) at the other. , These characteristics (e.g., perfluorinated carbon chain length, functionality, and polarity) strongly impact the environmental concentrations of PFAS in the soil and groundwater. Moreover, light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) such as petroleum products affect the mobility and retardation of PFAS in the subsurface. , The colocation of PFAS and LNAPL is quite common at large fuel storage facilities and airportswhereby fuels and PFAS liquids would have been used for fire-fighting training and during incidents …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,13 The colocation of PFAS and LNAPL is quite common at large fuel storage facilities and airports�whereby fuels and PFAS liquids would have been used for fire-fighting training and during incidents. 11 PFAS contamination in the vadose zone has been a source of groundwater contamination for years. This indicates that PFAS contamination sites with little or no control of PFAS release from soils (e.g., mobilization of PFAS in contaminated soil, soil washing, phytoremediation, and immobilization 14 ) can continue as a source of groundwater contamination long after production or disposal activities have ceased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) at Interfaces in Porous Media: A Computational Roadmap from Nanoscale Molecular Dynamics Simulation to Macroscale Modeling

Sookhak Lari,

Davis,

Kumar

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Managing and remediating perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) contaminated sites remains challenging. The major reasons are the complexity of geological media, partly unknown dynamics of the PFAS in different phases and at fluid− fluid and fluid−solid interfaces, and the presence of cocontaminants such as nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Critical knowledge gaps exist in understanding the behavior and fate of PFAS in vadose and saturated zones and in other porous media such as concrete and asphalt. The complexity of PFAS−surface interactions warrants the use of advanced characterization and computational tools to understand and quantify nanoscale behavior of the molecules. This can then be upscaled to the microscale to develop a constitutive relationship, in particular to distinguish between surface and bulk diffusion. The dominance of surface diffusion compared to bulk diffusion results in the solutocapillary Marangoni effect, which has not been considered while investigating the fate of PFAS. Without a deep understanding of these phenomena, derivation of constitutive relationships is challenging. The current Darcy scale mass-transfer models use constitutive relationships derived from either experiments or field measurements, which makes their applicability potentially limited. Here we review current efforts and propose a roadmap for developing Darcy scale transport equations for PFAS. We find that this needs to be based on systematic upscaling of both experimental and computational studies from nano-to microscales. We highlight recent efforts to undertake molecular dynamics simulations on problems with similar levels of complexity and explore the feasibility of conducting nanoscale simulations on PFAS dynamics at the interface of fluid pairs.

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Managing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Contamination in Agricultural Soils: Investigating Remediation Approaches in Non-conventional Agriculture

Sanchez-Hernandez,

Pardo Fernández,

Navarro Pacheco

et al. 2024

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Mobilization of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Soils: A Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 228 publications

Investigating the uptake and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Comparison between target MS and sum parameter analysis via HR-CS-GFMAS

Investigating the uptake and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) – Comparison between target MS and sum parameter analysis via HR-CS-GFMAS

The Dynamics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) at Interfaces in Porous Media: A Computational Roadmap from Nanoscale Molecular Dynamics Simulation to Macroscale Modeling

Managing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Contamination in Agricultural Soils: Investigating Remediation Approaches in Non-conventional Agriculture

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