Mobilization and exocytosis of specific (secondary) granules by human neutrophils during adherence to nylon wood in filtration leukapheresis (FL)

Wright, DG; Kauffmann, JC; Gk, Terpstra; Graw, RG; Deisseroth, AB; Ji, Gallin

doi:10.1182/blood.v52.4.770.770

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The sensitivity of C. albicans to lactoferrin gains more biological importance when the presence of this protein in biological fluids, including breast milk, plasma, saliva, tears, and pancreatic juice, is considered. Lactoferrin levels in plasma are known to increase during inflammation, accompanied by a decrease in the lactoferrin content of PMN (19,45). Lactoferrin is stored in secondary granules, and several cytokines as well as LPS are able to induce its release (1,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactoferrin release and interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor production by human polymorphonuclear cells stimulated by various lipopolysaccharides: relationship to growth inhibition of Candida albicans

et al. 1992

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Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and SabnoneUa typhimurium, at doses from 1 to 100 ng/ml, strongly enhanced growth inhibition of Candida albicans by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that LPS markedly augmented phagocytosis of Candida cells by increasing the number of yeasts ingested per neutrophil as well as the number of neutrophils capable of ingesting fungal cells. LPS activation caused augmented release of lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein which itself could inhibit the growth of C. albicans in vitro. Antibodies against lactoferrin effectively and specifically reduced the anti-C. albicans activity of both LPS-stimulated and unstimulated PMN.Northern (RNA blot) analysis showed enhanced production of mRNAs for interleukin-1 13, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 and in neutrophils within 1 h of stimulation with LPS. The cytokines were also detected in the supernatant of the activated PMN, and their synthesis was prevented by pretreatment of LPS-stimulated PMN with protein synthesis inhibitors, such as emetine and cycloheximide. These inhibitors, however, did not block either lactoferrin release or the anti-Candida activity of LPS-stimulated PMN. These results demonstrate the ability of various bacterial LPSs to augment neutrophil function against C. albicans and suggest that the release of a candidastatic, iron-binding protein, lactoferrin, may contribute to the antifungal effect of PMN. Moreover, the ability to produce cytokines upon stimulation by ubiquitous microbial products such as the endotoxins points to an extraphagocytic, immunomodulatory role of PMN during infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactoferrin release and interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor production by human polymorphonuclear cells stimulated by various lipopolysaccharides: relationship to growth inhibition of Candida albicans

et al. 1992

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“…of specific granules without the release of azurophils (10,30), but none are known that do the reverse. Gallin and his coworkers (5,29,30) have pointed out that neutrophils release a small but significant portion of their content of specific but not azurophil granules whenever they adhere to a surface or move toward an inflammatory stimulus, through a filter in vitro or through tissue in vivo. These maneuvers have in common the requirement for a shape change.…”

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confidence: 99%

Degranulation, membrane addition, and shape change during chemotactic factor-induced aggregation of human neutrophils.

Hoffstein¹,

Friedman²,

Weissmann³

1982

The Journal of Cell Biology

125

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Neutrophils stimulated by the chemotactic factor formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) undergo a transient change in surface properties that permits the cells to adhere more readily to surfaces and to each other. This transient change can be monitored by light scattering as stimulated neutrophils form aggregates while stirred in a platelet aggregometer. Maximum change in light scattering occurs within 1 min and correlates with an increase in the percentage of cells that are in aggregates of four or more cells and a decrease in the percentage of single cells. With time (3-5 min), small aggregates disappear and single cells reappear. The transient change in adhesiveness is accompanied by a persistent change in cell shape; the cells become polarized and protrude ruffles from one sector of the cell surface. During aggregation the cells adhere to one another with smooth sides together and ruffles pointed outward. During disaggregation the cells dissociate laterally with the simultaneous internalization of membrane in the region opposite the ruffles. Particle bound to the surface by charge (thorotrast, cationized ferritin) are concentrated and internalized in this region. The change in cell shape from round to ruffled occurs within seconds, suggesting that membrane is added to the cell surface from an intracellular store. We therefore quantified surface membrane by electron microscopy morphometry and measured a 25% increase within 10 s of adding FMLP. The source of new membrane appeared to be the specific granule membrane since the kinetics of granule discharge (between 30% and 50% of all release occurs in the first 10 s) correlate with the appearance of new membrane. Furthermore, the amount of membrane that appears at the cell surface at 10 s correlates with that lost from intracellular granules in that time. Chemotaxin-induced aggregation thus begins with granule discharge and membrane addition followed by protrusion of ruffles. Adherence is maximal at 60 s and the gradual loss of adhesiveness that follows is associated with uropod formation and enhanced endocytic activity.As has been well documented, neutrophils, after appropriate stimulation, rapidly remodel their surfaces. They undergo shape changes (24, 3 l), protrude ruffles, flatten, and spread on substrates. These activities would seem to require more surface area than is available in a rounded, resting neutrophfl, since the surface to volume ratio of a flat object with ruffles is greater than that of a round object with few surface productions. These changes in cell shape are so rapid that it appears likely that the new membrane which forms ruffles must arise from a preformed intraceUular store.One possible source of preformed membrane is the large population of secretory granules that these cells contain. Granules in neutrophils are of two basic types, azurophilic and specific. Azurophilic granules are homologous with lysosomes in most other cells but contain, in addition to the hydrolytic enzymes active at acid pH, neutral proteases and the...

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Poly(ethyleneimine) modified filters for the removal of leukocytes from blood

Bruil

Oosterom

Steneker

et al. 1993

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Polyurethane membrane filters and filters coated with poly(ethyleneimine) were used to investigate the influence of leukocyte adhesion during filtration. Treatment of the filters with an aqueous solution of 1% (w/v) poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) led to the introduction of amine groups at the filter surfaces, as was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The modification procedure did not significantly change the porous structure in the filters, as was demonstrated by SEM and porometry. Using 14C-labeled poly(ethyleneimine) it was shown that nearly a complete coverage (approximately 0.1 mg/m2) was achieved that did not desorb from the filter surface during contact with blood plasma. When the filtration was carried out with purified leukocytes in the absence of red cells, platelets, and blood plasma, the number of cells removed by modified filters (> 95%) was significantly higher as compared to the removal with unmodified filters (approximately 80%). However, no significant differences between the filters were found when the filtration was performed with whole blood. This finding was unexpected, because it was shown before that immobilization of poly(ethyleneimine) on solid polyurethane film, surfaces promoted the adhesion of leukocytes from whole blood. Apparently, the adhesive properties of the PEI diminish during filtration. Filter coating of commercial leukocyte filters composed of polyester fibers also had no effect on the removal of leukocytes from whole blood. It was postulated that morphological factors, such as filter shape, roughness, tortuosity, and porosity rather than the physicochemical properties of the filter surface influence cell adhesion to the filter surface, and through that the filtration process.

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Mobilization and exocytosis of specific (secondary) granules by human neutrophils during adherence to nylon wood in filtration leukapheresis (FL)

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Lactoferrin release and interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor production by human polymorphonuclear cells stimulated by various lipopolysaccharides: relationship to growth inhibition of Candida albicans

Lactoferrin release and interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor production by human polymorphonuclear cells stimulated by various lipopolysaccharides: relationship to growth inhibition of Candida albicans

Degranulation, membrane addition, and shape change during chemotactic factor-induced aggregation of human neutrophils.

Poly(ethyleneimine) modified filters for the removal of leukocytes from blood

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