“…However, with existing networks, these connections will be prone to frequent disruptions arising from insufficient support for high mobility broadband services. Improved mobility management (Imran et al, 2019a;Ozturk et al, 2019;Tabassum et al, 2019) and proactive handover (HO) optimization techniques (Ahmed and Alzahrani, 2019;Mollel et al, 2019;Mollel et al, 2020) are required for consistent quality of service along highways or speed train routes.…”