Mobility of organochlorines in muscle of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) during spawning in the Portuguese coas

Abstract

ResumenSe determinaron concentraciones de bifenilos policlorados (PCBs), p,p'-diclorodifeniltricloroetano (DDT) y sus metabolitos, y dieldrina en músculo de sardinas (Sardina pilchardus) hembras y machos obtenidas en ocho épocas, de febrero de 2000 a enero de 2001, por embarcaciones de cerco que faenan en Peniche, Portugal. Las gamas de concentraciones (ng g -1 ps) en las hembras y en los machos fueron respectivamente: 5.9-29 y 16-38 para PCBs, 1.6-8.5 y 3.2-11 para DDTs, 0.09-2.4 y 0.18-2.9 para dieldrina. La fluctuación anual de organoclorados en el músculo se atribuyó al ciclo reproductivo de las sardinas y, consecuentemente, a la variación de contenido lipídico. Se verificó el mayor aumento del índice gonadosomático (GSI), en fase final del desarrollo de las gónadas y el inicio del desove (noviembre), cuando se encontraron las mayores concentraciones de organoclorados en el músculo. En la fase final del desove (de febrero a mayo), los GSI disminuyeron y las concentraciones de los organoclorados fueron menores. Este trabajo sugiere que la eliminación de los PCBs en el músculo es más rápida en las hembras que en los machos, eventualmente debido a la transferencia hacia las gónadas y eliminación de los huevos. AbstractConcentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and metabolites, and dieldrin were determined in muscle tissues of female and male sardines (Sardina pilchardus) obtained between February 2000 and January 2001 from purse-seine vessels operating off the coast of Peniche, Portugal. The concentration ranges (ng g -1 dw) in females and males were, respectively, 5.9-29 and 16-38 for PCBs, 1.6-8.5 and 3.2-11 for DDTs, and 0.09-2.4 and 0.18-2.9 for dieldrin. The annual fluctuation of organochlorines in muscle was attributed to the reproductive cycle of S. pilchardus and consequent variation of lipid content. Maximum organochlorine concentrations in muscle were found when the gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased during the final stages of gonad development and the beginning of spawning activity (November). During the final spawning period (February to May), the GSI decreased and concentrations were lower. This study suggests that elimination of PCBs in muscle is faster in females than in males because of transference to the gonad and the excretion of eggs.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in fish from four different regions of Mexico

“…Some authors (e.g., Gómara et al 2005) report PCDD/F concentrations on a wet weight basis to avoid seasonal variations of the fat content of fish species, which can vary considerably over one year due to different maturation states. On the other hand, Wu et al (2001) argued that valid comparisons between different species are possible only if the concentrations are normalized by lipid content; however, pollutant concentration and lipid content are not always correlated (Gutiérrez-Galindo et al 1988, Amado et al 2006. In this study, PCDD/F concentrations in fish from Ensenada, Carmen City and Patzcuaro Lake did correlate with lipid content but fish from El Barril did not.…”

“…Por otro lado, Wu et al (2001) argumentaron que las comparaciones válidas entre diversas especies de peces sólo son posibles si se normalizan las concentraciones con el contenido de lípidos. No obstante, las concentraciones de contaminantes y de lípidos no siempre se correlacionan (Gutiérrez-Galindo et al 1988, Amado et al 2006. En el presente estudio las concentraciones de PCDDs/Fs en los peces de Ensenada, Ciudad del Carmen y Pátzcuaro se correlacionaron con el contenido de lípidos, pero no sucedió así con las concentraciones en los especímenes de El Barril.…”

Biochemical and physiological modifications in tissues of Sardina pilchardus: spatial and temporal patterns as a baseline for biomonitoring studies

“…The physiological condition of S. pilchardus seems to be linked to its reproductive cycle (Amenzoui et al, 2006;Garrido et al, 2008;Nunes et al, 2011). Literature on the use of S. pilchardus as an environmental sentinel has shown its contamination by anthropogenic compounds, namely metals (Canli and Atli, 2003;Cabañero et al, 2005;Falcó et al, 2006), but also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides (Amado et al, 2006;Antunes et al, 2007;El Morsy et al, 2013). Some of these compounds, namely organochlorine pesticides, are not used in oceanic areas, and their presence in tissues of sardines captured at mid-Atlantic area (Azores Islands) demonstrates the global dispersion, and the validity of using S. pilchardus as an adequate tool to diagnose the presence of persistent anthropogenic compounds in the marine environment (Magalhães and De Barros, 1987).…”