The zwitterion polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOXO) and acrylic acid (AA) has been investigated in bulk and solution (DMF and acetonitrile) at 60-70 °C. Vapor pressure osmometry showed the number-average molecular weight to be in the range 590-2760, depending on reaction conditions. The copolymer composition was established as 1:1 (MeOXO:AA) by proton NMR. Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy identified the repeating unit as -CH2CH2N(COCHg)CH2CH2COO-and the end groups as olefinic, carboxyl, and acetamido. Infrared spectroscopy supports the NMR results. Hydrolysis experiments corroborated both the copolymer composition and identity of end groups. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that the copolymer product consists of different-sized molecules and not all molecules have the same two end groups. A mechanism is proposed to describe the MeOXO-AA polymerization. MeOXO and AA form a genetic zwitterion which is responsible for initiation. Polymer growth involves various-sized zwitterions reacting with each other and with the genetic zwitterion by a ring-opening attack of carboxylate anion on the quaternary MeOXO ring. Termination occurs by reaction of growing zwitterions both with acrylic acid and with a quaternized MeOXO-acrylate salt (formed by proton transfer between MeOXO and AA). Direct proton NMR analysis of the polymerizing MeOXO-AA system gave evidence for the genetic zwitterion. 70 55 1850 B (soln6) 70 60 2000 B (bulk) 70 69 1960 B (bulk) 100 21 590 C (bulk) 70 41 2760 0 p-Methoxyphenol present in all experiments.6 Solution polymerization in CH3CN.c Solution polymerization in DMF. 8 Yield for recrystallized polymer.