Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL) A Dynamic Communication Threshold for Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

The hotspot issue in wireless sensor networks, with nodes nearest the sink node losing energy fastest and degrading network lifetime, is a well-referenced problem. Mobile sink nodes have been proposed as a solution to this. They do not completely remove the hotspot problem though, with nodes the sink passes most closely still expending more energy than others. This study proposes a lightweight algorithm, located in the media access control (MAC) layer of static nodes and utilising knowledge of predictable sink node mobility. This is in order to create a dynamic communication threshold between static nodes and the sink, within which static nodes awaken, lessening competition for sink communication between nodes. In utilising predictable mobility and factors already known to the static node, such as location and interference range, there is no need for energy-consuming messaging. Analysis and simulation results, tested on a lightweight implementation of a carrier-sense multiple-access-based MAC protocol, show a significant improvement in energy consumption in both controlled and random environments, with frame delivery improved to the point where sink speed is negated. This is when compared to the existing duty cycling approach.

A mobility aware duty cycling and preambling solution for wireless sensor network with mobile sink node

“…This work builds upon the earlier MADCAL algorithm [12,13] in utilising a predictable sink mobility pattern. Network parameters within a static node enable the calculation of the current sink position.…”

“…Thus, the role of hotspot is spread across several nodes in the network, rather than just those who would be closest to the sink if stationary. These nodes are termed as significant nodes [12,13]. Mobile sink nodes (MSNs) are utilised in various applications, such as within vehicles, located on robots or merely carried by a person.…”

“…As such, this work utilises the dynamic communication threshold between a MSN and static sink developed in our original study, the Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL) [12,13], with predictable sink mobility. Within a static, significant node, the move from the SLEEP function to clear channel assessment (CCA) only occurs when the sink node is within the threshold of the static node.…”

MAC Layer Energy Consumption and Routing Protocol Optimization Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

“…e third section introduces the energy consumption of MAC layer and the basic algorithm of routing protocol, introduces the design standard and evaluation index of MAC layer routing protocol, and then classifies and compares these routing protocols from different angles, and then elaborates the operation mechanism of routing protocol. During the simulation of routing protocol, some shortcomings of the protocol were found [4]. In Section 4, the specific optimization algorithm of MAC layer energy consumption and routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks is described.…”

A novel approach for particle swarm optimization‐based clustering with dual sink mobility in wireless sensor network

“…Such situation is termed as a hot‐spot problem 8–10 Due to this, eventually sink gets isolated from the network. To resolve this concern, sink mobility has proved to be a promising approach 11–13 It helps in the distribution of energy in clusters located around the sink in the most effective manner that balances the load in the network and extends the network lifetime conspicuously. It is important to note that the role of carriers can be performed by the moving public transport that is made to follow a path to cover a given area.…”