Mobility and plant availability of radioactive Cs in natural soil in relation to stable Cs, other alkali elements and soil fertility

Varskog, Per; Næumann, R.; Steinnes, E.

doi:10.1016/0265-931x(94)90034-5

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…A report presented by Mitchell et al (1998) of different radionuclides such as curium (Cm) detected in soil and in lichens excluded, however, the relevant data of lichen identity and substrate. Several studies dealt with radionuclides in epigeic lichens providing forage, and in soil, in Nordic countries (Varskog et al 1994;Pálsson et al 1994;Outola et al 2003;Skuterud et al 2005;Dowdall et al 2005;Korobova et al 2007;Lehto et al 2008).…”

Section: The Chernobyl Accidentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although correlating results referring to lichens and soil appear to corroborate the assertion that the contribution of soil particles is decisive, several studies pointed to the atmospheric origin of metal particles common to both media. In a study conducted in Norway in the years -1989, Varskog et al (1994 analyzed soil and lichen (F. nivalis) samples with respect to the total amount of radiocesium ( 137 Cs and 134 Cs), Rb, stable Cs and exchangeable 137 Cs (in soil only), K, Ca, and Mg. The radiocesium activity in lichens decreased by at least 40 % in the sampling period.…”

Section: The Chernobyl Accidentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lichens and Particulate Matter: Inter-relations and Biomonitoring with Lichens

Garty

Garty-Spitz

2014

Recent Advances in Lichenology

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Section: The Chernobyl Accidentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Chernobyl Accidentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lichens and Particulate Matter: Inter-relations and Biomonitoring with Lichens

Garty

Garty-Spitz

2014

Recent Advances in Lichenology

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“…The fate of radiocesium in the environment and its subsequent migration in soils depends on its physico-chemical form and commonly follows the behavior of its stable form [9,21,22]. For example, previous research indicated that the soil-to-plant transfer factor of 137 Cs follows a pattern that is similar to stable Cs [22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations of accumulated cesium in natural soils after an uncharacteristic external exposure

Sawai

Rahman

et al. 2015

Microchemical Journal

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The accumulation behaviors and solid phase partitioning patterns of stable cesium, which have been recognized as an indicator of the long-term movement of radioactive cesium ( 137 Cs or 134 Cs) in ecosystems, were studied in typical and natural soils of Japanese origin, namely, red clay, leaf-mold and andosol soils. The retention and migration of soil-phase cesium have been explained relative to various factors, such as soil organic matter contents, competitive cation concentrations and the adsorption ratio of Cs to the solid phase. Cesium was adsorbed nearly quantitatively in the leaf-mold type soil, and the rate of Cs absorption increased as the particle size decreased in the red clay and andosol soils. The distributions of Cs within the soil solid phases were defined using the selective sequential extraction scheme and were used to explain its relative incorporation in the soil fractions. Solid phase fractionation indicated that nearly half of the total cesium concentrations in the soils were in the 'residual' fraction (representing the metal that was incorporated within the crystalline lattice of the soil and was difficult to extract). These findings are expected to provide information regarding suitable conditions for remediation, immobilization or the recovery of cesium from contaminated soils with excess cesium concentrations. KeywordsCesium; Accidental exposure; Soil contamination; Solid-phase distribution; Sequential fractionation; Temporal variation 2 Microchemical Journal, 118: 158-165, 2015 The original publication is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2014.09.006 IntroductionWaste disposal operations or accidental releases due to nuclear-technology-related activities have resulted in the release of large amounts of radionuclides into the environment. Among the radioactive materials, the dispersion of radiocesium at elevated concentrations evokes concern due to its extended solubility characteristics as an alkaline metal ion, its comparatively longer half-life, and its easy incorporation into living beings [8][9][10] The objective of this study is to investigate the cesium distribution in the operationally defined physico-chemical and particle size fractions of soils to understand the temporal variations of cesium after being released at an uncharacteristic rate. Experimental InstrumentsThe atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technique was used to determine the stable cesium concentration in solution. An AAnalyst 600 (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) was used that was equipped with a transverse heated graphite atomizer with an integrated, pyrolytic graphite coated platform and a longitudinal Zeeman-effect background corrector. The light source was an electrodeless discharge lamp (EDL) that was powered by an EDL System II that was operated at 18 mA. The wavelength was set at the 852.1 nm resonance line and the monochromator spectral bandpass was set at 0.7 nm. In addition, a baseline offset correction time at 2.0 s was used with a read delay of 0.0 s. Argon was used as the purg...

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“…However, accumulation of Cs from the soil into plant shoots is usually quite limited. Frequently, bioaccumulation ratios considerably lower than 1 have been reported for plants grown in radiocesium-contaminated soil (Dahlman et al, 1975;Nisbet and Shaw, 1994;Varskog et al, 1994). A major factor limiting radiocesium uptake into roots is its strong retention to soil particles (Cremers et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%