Mobile source air toxic emissions from direct injection spark ignition gasoline and LPG passenger car under various in-use vehicle driving modes in Korea

Myung, Cha Lee; Ko, Ahyun; Lim, Yunsung; Kim, Sunmoon; Choi, Kwang Hyun; Park, Simsoo

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.10.013

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The particle formation of the GDI vehicle increased sharply, compared to that of the GPF-GDI vehicle at steep acceleration points, although this mode included a hot engine start followed by fully warmed-up driving. The particle spikes of the base GDI vehicle during the aggressive acceleration points were due to the combination of the rich mixture formation and shifting of gears by the automatic transmission [18,21,24,30,31,[33][34][35]. The PN emissions of the GPF-GDI vehicle through the HWFET mode were significantly lower than those of the base GDI vehicle.…”

Section: Particle Matter Emissions During Vehicle Driving Testsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The PNC unit is a condensation particle counter (CPC 3010D, TSI, Shoreview, MN, USA) with the lower cut-off modified to 23 nm. Additionally, a DMS500, which is a fast-response size spectrometer, was installed at the tail pipe location of the vehicle under FTP-75 and HWFET mode to analyze the PN concentration and size distribution characteristics [16,18,24,29]. …”

Section: Vehicle Test Equipment and Particulate Emission Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fuel impingement on the piston bowl and the cylinder liner is responsible for particle formation, so comprehensive approaches or optimization of the injector location, the combustion chamber shape, and improved engine control strategies need to be considered to reduce the formation of nanoparticles in GDI engines [16][17][18][19][20]. PM pollutants are currently of considerable interest because medical findings have indicated that exposure to ultrafine aerosol particles (<100 nm diameter) from internal combustion engines cause significant health risks [7,8,[21][22][23][24]. Furthermore, previous studies have indicated that GDI engines produce considerably hazardous nucleation mode particles, which are typically a complex mixture of solid and more volatile particles [8,17,18,[25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, previous studies have indicated that GDI engines produce considerably hazardous nucleation mode particles, which are typically a complex mixture of solid and more volatile particles [8,17,18,[25][26][27][28]. Based on the high market growth of GDI vehicles, the European Union (EU) has regulated the particle number (PN) standard for GDI vehicles, which considers non-volatile particles with a diameter above 23 nm, in the Euro-6 vehicle emissions standards [18,20,21,24]. Additionally, the California Air Resource Board (CARB) is debating future PM emission regulations for the low-emission vehicle (LEV)-III standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoparticle Filtration Characteristics of Advanced Metal Foam Media for a Spark Ignition Direct Injection Engine in Steady Engine Operating Conditions and Vehicle Test Modes

et al. 2015

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Abstract:In this study, the particle formation and reduction characteristics at the engine-out position, after a three-way catalyst (TWC) and a metal foam gasoline particulate filter (GPF), were evaluated for a gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engine under part-load operating conditions. The vehicle tests were performed under the Federal Test Procedure-75 (FTP-75) and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET) modes. Particle number (PN) concentrations, size distributions, and the filtering efficiency with the GPF were evaluated with a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a differential mobility spectrometer (DMS500). Under steady engine operating conditions, the PN concentrations at the engine-out position were 9.7 × 10 5 -2.5 × 10 6 N/cc. While, the PN concentrations after the GPF were 9.2 × 10 4 -3.5 × 10 5 N/cc, and the PN was reduced by 77%-96%. The PN filtering efficiency with the GPF-GDI vehicle reached approximately 58% in the FTP-75 and 62% in the HWFET mode. The PN concentration of the GPF-GDI vehicle was significantly reduced to 3.95 × 10 11 N/km for the FTP-75 and 8.86 × 10 10 N/km for the HWFET mode.The amount of nucleation mode particles below 23 nm was substantially reduced with the GPF-GDI vehicle. The fuel economy, CO2, and regulated emissions of the GPF-GDI vehicle were equivalent to those of the base GDI vehicle under the vehicle certification modes. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 1866

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Section: Particle Matter Emissions During Vehicle Driving Testsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Vehicle Test Equipment and Particulate Emission Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nanoparticle Filtration Characteristics of Advanced Metal Foam Media for a Spark Ignition Direct Injection Engine in Steady Engine Operating Conditions and Vehicle Test Modes

et al. 2015

Self Cite

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“…Hence, research on PM emissions for the hydrous ethanol gasoline blends is needed. Particulate matter emissions are now of considerable importance because results from medical studies have shown that even moderate-to-low-level exposure from internal combustion (IC) engines causes a negative impact on people's health [34][35][36][37][38][39]. The health effects are found to correlate more with the size of PM and less with the mass [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The industrialization that increases day by day needs more and more power/fuel sources that are commonly available, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly. Recently, nearly all of the cities in China (PRC) have been influenced by haze. However, the pollutants from automobiles have always been seriously considered to be the main contamination causes of the haze and that influence human health. This study concerns the impact of hydrous ethanol on in-cylinder pressure, particulate matter (PM), and gaseous emissions (oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC)) from a port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline engine. Tests were conducted on a four-cylinder port injection gasoline engine at different engine loads at an engine speed of 2000 rev/min for commercial gasoline, hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends (10% and 20% hydrous ethanol by volume), and an anhydrous ethanol-gasoline blend (20% anhydrous ethanol by volume). The results show that the peak in-cylinder pressure with the use of gasoline was the highest compared with the hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blends. Compared with the anhydrous ethanol blend, the hydrous ethanol blends performed well at a high load condition, equivalent to a low load. In addition, the total particulate number (PN) declines with an increase in engine operating loads for all of the fuels tested. The outcome of this study is an important reduction in PM number, mass emissions, and mean diameters of particles as the use of hydrous ethanol blends increases, while the form of the particulate size distribution remains the same. Furthermore, the NO x emission is raised with a rise in engine load, and NO x and HC emissions are reduced with the use of hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blend as equated with pure gasoline. Moreover, the correlation between the total particle number against NO x and HC has been found; the number of particles increases when the NO x emission decreases, and the opposite trend is exhibited for the HC emission. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydrous ethanol blends look to be a good selection for PM, NO x , and HC reduction for gasoline engines.

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Characteristics of nanoparticle emission from a light-duty diesel vehicle during test cycles simulating urban rush-hour driving patterns

Kim

Yun

et al. 2018

J Nanopart Res

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Mobile source air toxic emissions from direct injection spark ignition gasoline and LPG passenger car under various in-use vehicle driving modes in Korea

Cited by 46 publications

References 69 publications

Nanoparticle Filtration Characteristics of Advanced Metal Foam Media for a Spark Ignition Direct Injection Engine in Steady Engine Operating Conditions and Vehicle Test Modes

Nanoparticle Filtration Characteristics of Advanced Metal Foam Media for a Spark Ignition Direct Injection Engine in Steady Engine Operating Conditions and Vehicle Test Modes

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

Characteristics of nanoparticle emission from a light-duty diesel vehicle during test cycles simulating urban rush-hour driving patterns

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