Mobile Set-top Box over the Internet of Things (IoT) to Secure Rain-Induced Signal Outages Issue in Satellite Broadcasting Services

Abstract

A satellite signal’s power and amplitude experiences eventual impairment during its propagation to the earth, especially when entering the path of an area receiving a significant volume of rain, such as the tropical region. Direct-to-Home (DTH) service is one application that is affected by heavy rain, causing frequent signal loss and a lot of user disappointment. The current mitigation techniques employed by service providers have been reviewed to recover the signal and bring back the subscribers’ interest, especially in tropical regions. Besides adaptive code modulation schemes and power control, many providers require consumers to switch to WiFi or mobile network services; however, viewing live TV has become distracting. Therefore, we suggest a new conceptual multi-site diversity approach that connects each home-set-top box using the MQTT protocol in an IoT mobile environment. The smart set-top TV could help share the channel content through the mobile network when any is down due to a signal outage. This concept is simulated for realization using the developed MQTT multiple-site diversity simulator. This article highlights satellite signal recovery by employing device-to-device (D2D) communication over a 5G mobile network.

Machine Learning Modeling for Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) Signals From mmWave 5G Signals

“…Second, third, and fourth generations networks use cuttingedge emitters, such as 8-element dual-polarised passive antennas that operate in frequencies ranging from 0.7 GHz to 3.4 GHz, currently available. Nonetheless, the active antenna systems planned for the fifth generation will be significantly different from those already used in cellular systems since they would feature up to 256 active antennas working at higher frequencies than those currently in use (3.4 GHz to 6 GHz and 20 GHz to 60 GHz) [10,14]. Aside from that, 3D beamforming will allow steering of the beam in both horizontal and vertical planes, conveying radio signals precisely to the receiving terminal, as opposed to the steady transmission over a wide area that is now the case with 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generation technologies [15].…”