Mobile Robot with Eyeball Expression as the Preliminary-Announcement and Display of the Robot?s Following Motion

Abstract

This paper explains the PMR-2R (prototype mobile robot -2 revised), the mobile robot with the eyeball expression as the preliminary-announcement and display of the robot's following motion. Firstly, we indicate the importance of the preliminary-announcement and display function of the mobile robot's following motion for the informational affinity between human being and a robot, with explaining the conventional methods and the related works. We show the proposed four methods which are categorized into two types: one type which indicates a state just after the moment and the other type which displays from the present to some future time continuously. Then we introduce the PMR-2R, which has the omni-directional display, the magicball, on which the eyeball expresses the robot's following direction of motion and the speed of motion at the same time. From the evaluation experiment, we confirmed the efficiency of the eyeball expression to transfer the information. We also obtained the announcement at around one or two second before the actual motion may be appropriate. And finally we compare the four types of eyeball expression: the one-eyeball type, the two-eyeball type, the will-o'-the-wisp type, and the armor-helmet type. From the evaluation experiment, we have declared the importance to make the robot's front more intelligible especially to announce the robot's direction of motion.

Mobile Robot with Preliminary-Announcement and Indication of Scheduled Route and Occupied Area Using Projector

“…In the questionnaire evaluation (Matsumaru, 2007b), PMR-5 has received the highest evaluation score comparing with other three prototype robots, eyeball robot PMR-2 (Matsumaru et al, 2003a(Matsumaru et al, , 2003bMatsumaru et al, 2005), arrow robot PMR-6 Matsumaru, 2007a), and light ray robot PMR-1. In the experimental examination in simulated interactive situation between people and robot, the passing each www.intechopen.com…”

Person-following by autonomous robots: A categorical overview

“…Furthermore, a number of independent robots can assist a single person in a common task, given that the person is responsible for synchronizing their activities. Although swarm-like multi-robot 2013; Gockley et al (2007); Honig et al (2018); Kulykukin et al (2004); Kuno et al (2007); Liem et al (2008); Matsumaru et al (2005) Depth of the robot is approximated using the measured external pressure Corke et al (2007) cooperation or non-cooperative multi-agent synchronization (Chen et al, 2017e) is possible, these frameworks are rather resource-demanding and not commonly adopted in person-following applications.…”

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“…The most common approach is to furnish the robots with additional hardware that provide visual cues regarding the robot's indented actions. These include a virtual eye that can be used to indicate the direction in which the robot intends to move, or a projector that draws its anticipated path on the ground (Matsumaru, Iwase, Akiyama, Kusada, & Ito, ). We similarly use several visual means to convey the current state of the robot and to indicate its immediate actions.…”