Mobile Genetic Elements in Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> Population

Delpech, Gastón; Allende, Leonardo García; Sparo, Mónica

doi:10.5772/intechopen.88389

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

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“…Enterococcus occurs in the intestinal flora of most humans and animals and is mainly found in habitats polluted by human and animal defecation [ 1 , 2 ]. Enterococcus has evolved as a significant nosocomial and community-acquired pathogen due to its ability to develop resistance to antimicrobials, especially vancomycin [ 3 ]. The last treatment choice, particularly for Enterococcus , is vancomycin [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Wada

Irekeola

et al. 2021

Antibiotics

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Antimicrobial resistance in companion animals is a major public health concern worldwide due to the animals’ zoonotic potential and ability to act as a reservoir for resistant genes. We report on the first use of meta-analysis and a systematic review to analyze the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in companion animals. Databases such as MedLib, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. The information was extracted by two independent reviewers and the results were reviewed by a third. Two reviewers independently assessed the study protocol using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist and the study quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for prevalence data. OpenMeta analyst and comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) were used for the meta-analysis. The random effect model was used, and publication bias was assessed using the Eggers test and funnel plot. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed, and the sources were analyzed using the leave-one-out meta-analysis, subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria, but because some studies reported the prevalence of VRE in more than one companion animal, they were considered as individual studies, and 35 studies were therefore added to the final meta-analysis. Sampling period of the included studies was from 1995–2018. Of the 4288 isolates tested in the included studies, 1241 were VRE. The pooled prevalence of VRE in companion animals was estimated at 14.6% (95% CI; 8.7–23.5%; I2 = 97.10%; p < 0.001). Between-study variability was high (t2 = 2.859; heterogeneity I2 = 97.10% with heterogeneity chi-square (Q) = 1173.346, degrees of freedom (df) = 34, and p < 0.001). The funnel plot showed bias, which was confirmed by Eggers test (t-value = 3.97165; p = 0.00036), and estimates from the leave-one-out forest plot did not affect the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence of VRE in dogs and cats were 18.2% (CI = 9.4–32.5%) and 12.3%, CI = 3.8–33.1%), respectively. More studies were reported in Europe than in any other continent, with most studies using feces as the sample type and disc diffusion as the detection method. With the emergence of resistant strains, new antimicrobials are required in veterinary medicine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Wada

Irekeola

et al. 2021

Antibiotics

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Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Harboring vanA Gene from Wastewater Treatment Plants

Farias

Bianco

Nascimento

et al. 2022

Microbial Drug Resistance

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The emergence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (Efm) harboring vanA gene and multidrugresistant determinants is a relevant public health concern. It is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections widely distributed in the environment, including wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Our study addresses a genomic investigation of vanA-carrying Efm from WWTPs in Brazil. Samples from five WWTPs supplied with sewage from different sources were evaluated. Here we present whole-genome sequencing of eight vanA-Efm isolates performed on Illumina MiSeq platform. All these isolates presented multidrugresistant profile, and five strains were from treated wastewater. Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were found, such as aph(3¢)-IIIa, ant(6¢)-Ia, erm(B), and msrC, some of them being allocated in plasmids. The virulence profile was predominantly constituted by efaAfm and acm genes and all isolates, except for one, were predicted as human pathogens. Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed a new allele and five different STs, three previously described (ST32, ST168, and ST253) and two novel ones (ST1893 and ST1894). Six strains belonged to CC17, often associated with hospital outbreaks. As far as our knowledge, no genomic studies of vanA-Efm recovered from WWTPs revealed isolates belonging to CC17 in Brazil. Therefore, our findings point to the environmental spread of Efm carrying multiple ARGs.

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Mobile Genetic Elements in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Population

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in Companion Animals: The First Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Harboring vanA Gene from Wastewater Treatment Plants

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