Mobile genetic elements in Acinetobacter antibiotic‐resistance acquisition and dissemination

Abstract

Pathogenic Acinetobacter species, most notably Acinetobacter baumannii, are a significant cause of healthcare‐associated infections worldwide. Acinetobacter infections are of particular concern to global health due to the high rates of multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance. Widespread genome sequencing and analysis has determined that bacterial antibiotic resistance is often acquired and disseminated through the movement of mobile genetic elements, including insertion sequences (IS), transposons, integrons, and conjugative plasmids. In Acinetobacter specifically, resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins is highly correlated with IS, as many ISAba elements encode strong outwardly facing promoters that are required for sufficient expression of β‐lactamases to confer clinical resistance. Here, we review the role of mobile genetic elements in antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter species through the framework of the mechanism of resistance acquisition and with a focus on experimentally validated mechanisms.

Emergence of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae co-harboring bla OXA-78 and bla OXA-58 from India

“…Tn6080 transposon was observed with the carriage of bla OXA-78 gene in both the isolates. This nding is in accordance with previous studies that reports this transposon as a carrier of bla OXA-51 genes and its variants [14,28,29]. In case of bla OXA-58 gene, ISAba26, a single nucleotide variant belonging to the ISAba256 family in the upstream region and ISCfr1 belonging to IS1182 family in the downward region were found associated with the gene.…”

“…In case of bla OXA-58 gene, ISAba26, a single nucleotide variant belonging to the ISAba256 family in the upstream region and ISCfr1 belonging to IS1182 family in the downward region were found associated with the gene. These carbapenem resistance determinants associated with transposon and insertion sequences possess a serious health hazard as transposition of these mobile genetic elements can alter bacterial gene expression thereby increasing antibiotic resistance burden which is at present is a global concern [14]. These mobile elements facilitate mobilization of carbapenemase genes thereby aiding in their intra and inter speci c dissemination; and acquisition of such elements by susceptible phenotypes results into the evolution of resistant ones [3,4,14].…”

“…Carbapenem resistance determinants aided by diverse mobile genetic elements can confer high level of clinical resistance to carbapenems thereby increasing antibiotic resistance burden which is at present is a global concern. Besides intra and inter speci c dissemination; these mobile elements under exposure to selective carbapenem pressure also contributes to the maintenance and expression of carbapenemase genes within bacterial host [3,4,13,14]. With the surge and expansion of carbapenem hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamases (CHDLs) among clinically signi cant bacteria in India and the paucity of information available; and carbapenems being considered as last therapeutic options against infection caused by multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria, the present study reports expansion of bla OXA−78 and bla OXA−58 in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens.…”

Microplastics Enhance the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Anaerobic Sludge Digestion by Enriching Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Surface Biofilm and Facilitating the Vertical and Horizontal Gene Transfer

“…is the most dominant ARB in both groups, and its percentage in MPs-biofilm increased by 97.4% compared to experimental digested sludge. Within Acinetobacter spp., Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most resistant pathogens according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and presents the highest concern as a healthcare-associated pathogen; , thus, it should greatly benefit vigilance when MPs-biofilm selectively enriches them. This result demonstrates that LDPE shifts the microbial community and selects more ARB, especially Acinetobacter spp., on its surface.…”

Bacterial Community Survey of Wolbachia-Infected Parthenogenetic Parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Treated with Antibiotics and High Temperature

“…Though Acinetobacter is not capable of enhancing the biotic fitness of the host [60], it is abundant in mosquito [61] and in arrhenotokous parasitoid, Diglyphus wani [62]. The core member of Acinetobacter should be the result of the high rates of multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance [63]. Through antibiotics treatment, the changes of the microbial community in T. pretiosum were different, which might be due to the different resistances of the microbial community to different antibiotics [64].…”