Mobile device applications and treatment of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness

Moon, Sun Jae; Hwang, Jinseub; Hill, Harrison; Kervin, Ryan; Birtwell, Kirstin; Torous, John; McDougle, Christopher J.; Kim, Jung Won

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2019-318258

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Avatar-based therapy can be implemented at regular intervals via online meeting platforms and the sessions can be recorded to analyze the child's improvement. Moon et al (2020) performed a study to demonstrate the effects of therapeutic intervention with smart phone applications for individuals with ASD. As the results show, using smart phone applications is promising for therapeutic intervention for individuals with ASD.…”

Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusive Education for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Use of Humanoid Robots and Virtual Agents to Alleviate Symptoms and Improve Skills, and A Pilot Study

Tuna

2022

Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder often struggle to establish and keep positive relationships with peers and adults due to experiencing communication and social difficulties. It has been shown that humanoid robots and virtual agents can enable interventionists to maximize engagement during instruction and program for generalization. Having employed the humanoid robots as a mediator and therapeutic support tool for children with autism spectrum disorder can help to support inclusive education for young children with autism spectrum disorder. Similarly, the findings obtained in many research studies that have been carried out recently support the use of technology-aided interventions and instruction with interactive virtual agents on children with autism spectrum disorder. Therefore, in this study, first, as a result of a scoping review, the use of humanoid robots and virtual agents for inclusive education is discussed. Then, the information about a pilot study based on single-subject research model is presented. The aim of the pilot study was to evaluate whether children with autism spectrum disorder could benefit from a humanoid robot in improving their symbolic play skills. Because as the related literature confirms a developmentally appropriate curriculum involving symbolic play is necessary for educational activities targeting young children. It was seen that throughout the sessions carried out in the pilot study, the children had high engagement with the humanoid robot and the parents' feedbacks showed that the children benefitted from the humanoid robot in improving their symbolic play skills. Finally, challenges, opportunities and future research directions in the related domains are provided in this paper.

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Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusive Education for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Use of Humanoid Robots and Virtual Agents to Alleviate Symptoms and Improve Skills, and A Pilot Study

Tuna

2022

Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age

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“…Research has shown that autism features useful for diagnosis and continuous phenotyping can be detected in short home videos taken by smartphones [17-19, 23-24, 38, 54-55, 59, 64]. Interactive devices such as smartphones are increasingly being evaluated for use in at-home digital diagnostics and therapies which adapt to the needs of the child [43]. For diagnostics, computer vision classifers measure the behavior of the child, and statistical measurements are used to provide a diagnosis or screening [13-14, 58, 75].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interactive devices such as smartphones are increasingly being evaluated for use in at-home digital diagnostics and therapies which adapt to the needs of the child [31]. For diagnostics, computer vision classifiers measure the behavior of the child in real-time, and statistical measurements are used to provide a diagnosis or screening [10,43,55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity Recognition with Moving Cameras and Few Training Examples: Applications for Detection of Autism-Related Headbanging

Washington

Kline

Mutlu

et al. 2021

Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Activity recognition computer vision algorithms can be used to detect the presence of autism-related behaviors, including what are termed "restricted and repetitive behaviors", or stimming, by diagnostic instruments. Examples of stimming include hand fapping, spinning, and head banging. One of the most signifcant bottlenecks for implementing such classifers is the lack of sufciently large training sets of human behavior specifc to pediatric developmental delays. The data that do exist are usually recorded with a handheld camera which is itself shaky or even moving, posing a challenge for traditional feature representation approaches for activity detection which capture the camera's motion as a feature. To address these issues, we frst document the advantages and limitations of current feature representation techniques for activity recognition when applied to head banging detection. We then propose a feature representation consisting exclusively of head pose keypoints. We create a computer vision classifer for detecting head banging in home videos using a time-distributed convolutional neural network (CNN) in which a single CNN extracts features from each frame in the input sequence, and these extracted features are fed as input to a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. On the binary task of predicting head banging and no head banging within videos from the Self Stimulatory Behaviour Dataset (SSBD), we reach a mean F1-score of 90.77% using 3-fold cross validation (with individual fold F1-scores of 83.3%, 89.0%, and 100.0%) when ensuring that no child who appeared in the train set was in the test set for all folds. This work documents a successful process for training a computer vision classifer which can detect a particular human motion pattern with few training examples and even when the camera recording the source clip is unstable. The process of engineering useful feature This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

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“…Hong and colleagues reported similar positive results in their systematic review of single case studies on the effectiveness of tablet-mediated interventions for people with ASD [ 18 ]. Recently, Moon and his colleagues conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile device intervention in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [ 19 ]. The meta-analysis showed positive results, suggesting that mobile interventions could significantly improve performance in the fine motor and visual areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RCTs in this area have increased in recent years. Even though the review conducted by Moon and his colleagues [ 19 ] provided positive evidence concerning the effectiveness of mobile intervention in people with ASD, a more detailed investigation where the characteristics of these trials are particularly useful would be crucial, as the findings could provide useful practical implications for designing future RCTs in this area. As a result, this systematic review focuses on currently available RCT studies with the following specific research question: What are the crucial characteristics that contribute to effective mobile intervention to promote social and cognitive skills among people with ASD?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Using Mobile Technology to Improve Cognitive and Social Skills Among Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Literature Review

Leung¹,

Li²,

Tsang³

et al. 2021

JMIR Ment Health

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Background Mobile technology has become a necessity in the lives of people in many countries. Its characteristics and advantages also make it a potential medium of intervention for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objective The objective of this review was to evaluate previous evidence, obtained in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), on the effectiveness of using mobile devices as the medium of intervention targeting social and cognitive skills among individuals with ASD. Methods Literature search was conducted on electronic databases including Medline, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Education Resources Information Centre, and Social Science Citation Index. Only RCTs published in English and after year 2000 were included for this review. Data extraction was carried out by 2 independent reviewers using constant comparative methods. Results Totally 10 RCTs were identified. Most of the findings indicated that mobile devices could be an effective medium of intervention for people with ASD, among which 6 indicated significant intervention effects and 2 showed mixed findings. Effective intervention was more likely to be achieved in the studies that recruited older participants (aged over 9 years), targeting practical skills that could be readily applied in real life, or using pictures or materials that were highly relevant in daily life in the apps or mobile devices. Furthermore, the use of mobile devices was also reported to promote participation in the intervention among individuals with ASD. Conclusions The results suggested that mobile devices could be a promising means for the delivery of interventions targeting people with ASD. Although including a small number of studies was a limitation of this review, the results provided useful implications for designing effective mobile technology–assisted interventions for the ASD population in future studies.

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Mobile device applications and treatment of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Inclusive Education for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Use of Humanoid Robots and Virtual Agents to Alleviate Symptoms and Improve Skills, and A Pilot Study

Inclusive Education for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Use of Humanoid Robots and Virtual Agents to Alleviate Symptoms and Improve Skills, and A Pilot Study

Activity Recognition with Moving Cameras and Few Training Examples: Applications for Detection of Autism-Related Headbanging

Effectiveness of Using Mobile Technology to Improve Cognitive and Social Skills Among Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Literature Review

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