Mobbing of a Great White Shark (Carcharodon Carcharias) by Adult Male Australian Fur Seals (Arctocephalus Pusillus Doriferus)

Kirkwood, Roger; Dickie, John

doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01234.x

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…As well as risking prey loss, use of shake feeding may also have a more direct effect on the survival of fur seals. The splashing noises and spread of blood from the prey item associated with this foraging tactic may attract the unwanted attention of larger predators, like sharks, which are known to prey upon fur seals (Kirkwood and Dickie , Kirkwood and Goldsworthy ). Indeed, it is not uncommon to observe animals with fresh bite wounds at fur seal colonies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prey capture and processing behaviors vary with prey size and shape in Australian and subantarctic fur seals

Hocking

Fitzgerald

Salverson

et al. 2015

Marine Mammal Science

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When hunting at sea, pinnipeds should adapt their foraging behaviors to suit the prey they are targeting. We performed captive feeding trials with two species of otariid seal, Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) and subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis). This allowed us to record detailed observations of how their foraging behaviors vary when presented with prey items that cover the full range of body shapes and sizes encountered in the wild. Small prey were captured using suction alone, while larger prey items were caught in the teeth using raptorial biting. Small fish and long skinny prey items could then be swallowed whole or processed by shaking, while all prey items with body depths greater than 7.5 cm were processed by shaking at the water's surface. This matched opportunistic observations of feeding in wild Australian fur seals. Use of “shake feeding” as the main prey processing tactic also matches predictions that this method would be one of the only tactics available to aquatic tetrapods that are unable to secure prey using their forelimbs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prey capture and processing behaviors vary with prey size and shape in Australian and subantarctic fur seals

Hocking

Fitzgerald

Salverson

et al. 2015

Marine Mammal Science

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“…Although more difficult to observe in the marine environment, predator mobbing has been reported for a variety of marine mammal species. Among pinnipeds, Gal apagos fur seals (Arctocephalus galapagoensis), Gal apagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki), and Australian fur seals (A. pusillus doriferus) have been reported to mob sharks (Barlow 1972, Trillmich 1996, Kirkwood and Dickie 2005. Steller sea lions have been reported "harassing" (possibly mobbing) killer whales on at least two separate occasions (Heise et al 2003), although the specific details (including ecotype of killer whales) were lacking.…”

Section: Mobbing Behavior In Humpback Whalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humpback whales interfering when mammal‐eating killer whales attack other species: Mobbing behavior and interspecific altruism?

Pitman

Deecke

Gabriele³

et al. 2016

Marine Mammal Science

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Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are known to interfere with attacking killer whales (Orcinus orca). To investigate why, we reviewed accounts of 115 interactions between them. Humpbacks initiated the majority of interactions (57% vs. 43%; n = 72), although the killer whales were almost exclusively mammal-eating forms (MEKWs, 95%) vs. fish-eaters (5%; n = 108). When MEKWs approached humpbacks (n = 27), they attacked 85% of the time and targeted only calves. When humpbacks approached killer whales (n = 41), 93% were MEKWs, and ≥87% of them were attacking or feeding on prey at the time. When humpbacks interacted with attacking MEKWs, 11% of the prey were humpbacks and 89% comprised 10

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“…This communal defence can cause a predator to vacate its immediate foraging area, which reduces the threat to nearby prey individuals and allows them to resume their daily activities (Flasskamp 1994). Mobbing behaviour is most frequently seen in avian species (Curio 1978;Krams & Krama 2002;Olendorf et al 2004;Templeton et al 2005;Krams et al 2006a;Griesser 2009), although it is also known to occur in other social animals such as mammals, fishes (Kirkwood & Dickie 2005;Solórzano-Filho 2006) and some invertebrates (Mori & Saito 2004). Aside from these benefits, anti-predator behaviours such as mobbing have costs (Montgomerie & Weatherhead 1988;Brunton 1990;Krams et al 2007) and there appears to be a group size effect in mobbing, which indicates the importance of cooperation among prey individuals in driving predators away (Mori & Saito 2004;Krams et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increased risk of predation enhances cooperation

et al. 2009

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Theory predicts that animals in adverse conditions can decrease individual risks and increase long-term benefits by cooperating with neighbours. However, some empirical studies suggest that animals often focus on short-term benefits, which can reduce the likelihood that they will cooperate with others. In this experimental study, we tested between these two alternatives by evaluating whether increased predation risk (as a correlate of environmental adversity) enhances or diminishes the occurrence of cooperation in mobbing, a common anti-predator behaviour, among breeding pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca. We tested whether birds would join their mobbing neighbours more often and harass a stuffed predator placed near their neighbours' nests more intensely in areas with a higher perceived risk of predation. Our results show that birds attended mobs initiated by their neighbours more often, approached the stuffed predator significantly more closely, and mobbed it at a higher intensity in areas where the perceived risk of predation was experimentally increased. In such high-risk areas, birds also were more often involved in between-pair cooperation. This study demonstrates the positive impact of predation risk on cooperation in breeding songbirds, which might help in explaining the emergence and evolution of cooperation.

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Mobbing of a Great White Shark (Carcharodon Carcharias) by Adult Male Australian Fur Seals (Arctocephalus Pusillus Doriferus)

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Prey capture and processing behaviors vary with prey size and shape in Australian and subantarctic fur seals

Prey capture and processing behaviors vary with prey size and shape in Australian and subantarctic fur seals

Humpback whales interfering when mammal‐eating killer whales attack other species: Mobbing behavior and interspecific altruism?

The increased risk of predation enhances cooperation

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