Mo1595: SPECIFIC MICROBIOTA DRIVES MUCOSAL RESPONSES IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

D’Adamo, Gemma L.; Chonwerawong, Michelle; Marcelino, Vanessa; Gearing, Linden J.; Gould, Jodee; Rutten, Emily; Wilson, Trevor; Thomason, Tamblyn; Gulliver, Emily; Hertzog, Paul J.; Giles, Edward; Forster, Samuel C.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(22)61956-5

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Defined consortia enable strict control of microbiota composition, which facilitates mechanistic studies using genetically modified consortium members but requires selection of bacterial strains by variable criteria 28,[30][31][32] . Strain-level genetic and functional variation are human disease-state specific, strongly impact host-microbe interaction, and alter disease severity in experimental colitis models 22,[33][34][35][36][37][38] . Because defined consortia may omit strainspecific genetic and functional attributes responsible for human disease phenotypes, direct transplant of human disease-associated feces to GF rodents is an appealing method to study human microbiomedriven diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Adaptation of Human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Microbiota Enhances Colonization Efficiency and Alters Microbiome Aggressiveness Depending on Recipient Colonic Inflammatory Environment

Gray,

Moss,

Herzog

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Understanding the cause vs consequence relationship of gut inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) requires a reproducible mouse model of human-microbiota-driven experimental colitis. Our study demonstrated that human fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) transfer efficiency is an underappreciated source of experimental variability in human microbiota associated (HMA) mice. Pooled human IBD patient fecal microbiota engrafted germ-free (GF) mice with low amplicon sequence variant (ASV)-level transfer efficiency, resulting in high recipient-to-recipient variation of microbiota composition and colitis severity in HMAIl-10-/-mice. In contrast, mouse-to-mouse transfer of mouse-adapted human IBD patient microbiota transferred with high efficiency and low compositional variability resulting in highly consistent and reproducible colitis phenotypes in recipientIl-10-/-mice. Human-to-mouse FMT caused a population bottleneck with reassembly of microbiota composition that was host inflammatory environment specific. Mouse-adaptation in the inflamedIl-10-/-host reassembled a more aggressive microbiota that induced more severe colitis in serial transplant toIl-10-/-mice than the distinct microbiota reassembled in non-inflamed WT hosts. Our findings support a model of IBD pathogenesis in which host inflammation promotes aggressive resident bacteria, which further drives a feed-forward process of dysbiosis exacerbated gut inflammation. This model implies that effective management of IBD requires treating both the dysregulated host immune response and aggressive inflammation-driven microbiota. We propose that our mouse-adapted human microbiota model is an optimized, reproducible, and rigorous system to study human microbiome-driven disease phenotypes, which may be generalized to mouse models of other human microbiota-modulated diseases, including metabolic syndrome/obesity, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

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