Mnemonic functions of the hippocampus: A comparison between animals and humans

Kesner, Raymond P.; Hopkins, Ramona O.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.01.004

Cited by 111 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The courses of both spatial and nonspatial relational memory across ageing were, however, strikingly similar, both reflecting a late-life onset of a significant impairment. Taken together, the finding of a strikingly similar course of spatial and nonspatial relational memory across the human adult lifespan supports the idea of a general role of the hippocampus in relational memory processes (Spiers et al 2001;Eichenbaum 2001Eichenbaum , 2004Kohler et al 2005;Kesner and Hopkins 2006;Rolls and Kesner 2006;Kumaran et al 2007) and adds to increasing evidence from experimental animal studies (Gilbert et al …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…It may support relational processing under some circumstances, such as unitizing two features of the same kind to one single item or merged unity representation, but not spatiotemporal relational associations (Norman and O'Reilly 2003;Mayes et al 2004;Jager et al 2006). The hippocampus, on the other hand, mediates associations of the same kind such as object-object associations (Kesner and Hopkins 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Course of relational and non-relational recognition memory across the adult lifespan

Soei¹,

Daum²

2008

Learn. Mem.

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Human recognition memory shows a decline during normal ageing, which is thought to be related to age-associated dysfunctions of mediotemporal lobe structures. Whether the hippocampus is critical for human general relational memory or for spatial relational memory only is still disputed. The human perirhinal cortex is thought to be critically involved in non-relational memory, but another view postulates hippocampal involvement in both relational and non-relational memory. Investigating whether there is a differential impact of ageing on these memory processes may shed further light into these issues. Thus, in the present study, 106 healthy adults performed three recognition memory tasks in a consecutive age groups design involving a range from age 20 to 76. This allowed the separate assessment of spatial and nonspatial relational memory as well as non-relational memory. Both spatial and nonspatial relational memory declined in the 66-76 yr group. This pattern is consistent with the presumed course of hippocampal changes across normal ageing and points to the hippocampal role in relational memory in general. An impairment of non-relational memory commenced earlier in the 51-65 yr group. This finding is discussed in relation to perceptual/attentional mediation of memory and its potential brain correlates in ageing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Course of relational and non-relational recognition memory across the adult lifespan

Soei¹,

Daum²

2008

Learn. Mem.

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“…Both primate and rodent hippocampus receive their main inputs via the EC, through the parahippocampal cortex (represented by the dorsal postrhinal cortex in the rats), and the perirhinal cortex from the processing streams of the neocortex, such as the temporal lobe, the frontal cortex and the parietal cortex (Reviewed in [106]) (Fig. 2a).…”

Section: The Operation Of Hippocampal Circuitry As a Memory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of flavonoids on spatial memory in rodents: from behaviour to underlying hippocampal mechanisms

et al. 2009

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Emerging evidence suggests that a group of dietary-derived phytochemicals known as flavonoids are able to induce improvements in memory, learning and cognition. Flavonoids have been shown to modulate critical neuronal signalling pathways involved in processes of memory, and therefore are likely to affect synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation mechanisms, widely considered to provide a basis for memory. Animal dietary supplementation studies have further shown that flavonoidrich foods are able to reverse age-related spatial memory and spatial learning impairments. A more accurate understanding of how a particular spatial memory task works and of which aspects of memory and learning can be assessed in each case, are necessary for a correct interpretation of data relating to diet-cognition experiments. Further understanding of how specific behavioural tasks relate to the functioning of hippocampal circuitry during learning processes might be also elucidative of the specific observed memory improvements. The overall goal of this review is to give an overview of how the hippocampal circuitry operates as a memory system during behavioural tasks, which we believe will provide a new insight into the underlying mechanisms of the action of flavonoids on cognition.

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“…For example, Kesner and Hopkins [2006] argue that pattern separation, pattern association and pattern completion are important hippocampal functions, where pattern separation is defined as the ability to encode and separate events in time and space, pattern association as the ability to form arbitrary associations between events and items, and pattern completion as the ability to retrieve complete information on the basis of partial or incomplete inputs.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different aspects of the resource manager model can be interpreted as functions like those proposed by Kesner and Hopkins [2006]. For example, because the visual environment is relatively stable at a particular point in space, there is a group of columns that will tend to be activated when the subject is at that point.…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hippocampal System as the Cortical Resource Manager: A Model Connecting Psychology, Anatomy and Physiology

Coward

2009

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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A model is described in which the hippocampal system functions as resource manager for the neocortex. This model is developed from an architectural concept for the brain as a whole within which the receptive fields of neocortical columns can gradually increase but with some limited exceptions tend not to decrease. The definition process for receptive fields is constrained so that they overlap as little as possible, and change as little as possible, but at least a minimum number of columns detect their fields within every sensory input state. Below this minimum, the receptive fields of some columns are increased slightly until the minimum level is reached. The columns in which this increase occurs are selected by a competitive process in the hippocampal system that identifies those in which only a relatively small increase is required, and sends signals to those columns that trigger the increase. These increases in receptive fields are the information record that forms the declarative memory of the input state. Episodic memory activates a set of columns in which receptive fields increased simultaneously at some point in the past, and the hippocampal system is therefore the appropriate source for information guiding access to such memories. Semantic memory associates columns that are often active (with or without increases in receptive fields) simultaneously. Initially, the hippocampus can guide access to such memories on the basis of initial information recording, but to avoid corruption of the information needed for ongoing resource management, access control shifts to other parts of the neocortex. The roles of the mammillary bodies, amygdala and anterior thalamic nucleus can be understood as modulating information recording in accordance with various behavioral priorities. During sleep, provisional physical connectivity is created that supports receptive field increases in the subsequent wake period, but previously created memories are not affected. This model matches a wide range of neuropsychological observation better than alternative hippocampal models. The information mechanisms required by the model are consistent with known brain anatomy and neuron physiology.

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Mnemonic functions of the hippocampus: A comparison between animals and humans

Cited by 111 publications

References 87 publications

Course of relational and non-relational recognition memory across the adult lifespan

Course of relational and non-relational recognition memory across the adult lifespan

The impact of flavonoids on spatial memory in rodents: from behaviour to underlying hippocampal mechanisms

The Hippocampal System as the Cortical Resource Manager: A Model Connecting Psychology, Anatomy and Physiology

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