Abstract:The present study assessed protein and gene expression levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐2 (TIMP‐2), matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), and MMP‐9 in urine and blood samples of 50 patients with bladder carcinoma. The expression of TIMP‐2, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 levels with tumor stage and grade was also assessed. Results showed that the expression levels of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in both blood and urine were significantly elevated in group 1 when compared with groups 2 and 3 healthy subjects. The discriminato… Show more
“…MMP9, a member of the matrix metalloproteinase gene family, could be expressed to dissolve the extracellular matrix components. Fouad et al [15] revealed that MMP-9 was significantly up-regulated in both blood and urine of BCa patients and was of great discriminatory ability in the diagnosis of BCa. Wong et al [16] also demonstrated that MMP9 was a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker that contribute to the progression of BCa.…”
Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the important tumors that have been proven to be treatable with immunotherapy. This study aims to identify and validate a molecular prognostic index of BCa based on immunogenomic landscape analysis. Methods: The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database and immunology database and analysis portal (ImmPort) database were used to identified differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs). Prognostic IRGs were screened and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Multivariate Cox analysis was performed to develop a molecular prognostic index of BCa. Internal and external validation were then performed in TCGA cohort and GEO cohort, respectively. Besides, we also explore the relationship between this index and clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment. Results: A total of 61 prognostic IRGs were identified and a molecular prognostic index was developed. The top four hub genes included MMP9, IGF1, CXCL12 and PGF. The difference in overall survival between high-risk group and low-risk group was statistically significant. The area under curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.757, suggesting the potential for this index. Besides, Internal validation using TCGA cohort and external validation using GEO cohort indicated that this index was of great performance in predicting outcome. T cells CD8, T cells CD4 memory activated, T cells follicular helper, macrophages M0, macrophages M2 and neutrophils were significantly associated with prognosis of BCa patients. Female, high grade, stage III&IV, N1-3 and T3-4 were associated significantly with higher risk score compared with male, low grade, stage I&II, N0 and T1-2, respectively. High risk score had a positive association with higher stromal score and ESTIMATE score while high risk score had a negative association with tumor purity. Conclusions: This study identified several prognostic immune-related genes of clinical value. Besides, we developed and validated a molecular index based on immunogenomic landscape analysis, which performed well in predicting prognosis of BCa. Further researches are needed to verify the effectiveness of this index and these vital genes.
“…MMP9, a member of the matrix metalloproteinase gene family, could be expressed to dissolve the extracellular matrix components. Fouad et al [15] revealed that MMP-9 was significantly up-regulated in both blood and urine of BCa patients and was of great discriminatory ability in the diagnosis of BCa. Wong et al [16] also demonstrated that MMP9 was a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker that contribute to the progression of BCa.…”
Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the important tumors that have been proven to be treatable with immunotherapy. This study aims to identify and validate a molecular prognostic index of BCa based on immunogenomic landscape analysis. Methods: The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database and immunology database and analysis portal (ImmPort) database were used to identified differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs). Prognostic IRGs were screened and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Multivariate Cox analysis was performed to develop a molecular prognostic index of BCa. Internal and external validation were then performed in TCGA cohort and GEO cohort, respectively. Besides, we also explore the relationship between this index and clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment. Results: A total of 61 prognostic IRGs were identified and a molecular prognostic index was developed. The top four hub genes included MMP9, IGF1, CXCL12 and PGF. The difference in overall survival between high-risk group and low-risk group was statistically significant. The area under curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.757, suggesting the potential for this index. Besides, Internal validation using TCGA cohort and external validation using GEO cohort indicated that this index was of great performance in predicting outcome. T cells CD8, T cells CD4 memory activated, T cells follicular helper, macrophages M0, macrophages M2 and neutrophils were significantly associated with prognosis of BCa patients. Female, high grade, stage III&IV, N1-3 and T3-4 were associated significantly with higher risk score compared with male, low grade, stage I&II, N0 and T1-2, respectively. High risk score had a positive association with higher stromal score and ESTIMATE score while high risk score had a negative association with tumor purity. Conclusions: This study identified several prognostic immune-related genes of clinical value. Besides, we developed and validated a molecular index based on immunogenomic landscape analysis, which performed well in predicting prognosis of BCa. Further researches are needed to verify the effectiveness of this index and these vital genes.
“…Deregulated MMP-9 expression and/or activity causes cellular invasiveness and leads to the growth and clinical progression of a wide variety of human cancers [ 10 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”
Section: Mmp-9 Production or Activity Is Regulated At Multiple Levmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The role that MMP-9 has in the development of the primary tumor has been described elsewhere [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Herein, the available scientific literature concerning the impact that the deregulated expression or activity of MMP-9 might exert on solid tumor metastases is reviewed in the context of a Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, entitled “Tumor Cell Invasion and Metastases”.…”
In industrialized countries, cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Most cancer patients die because of metastases, which consist of the self-transplantation of malignant cells in anatomical sites other than the one from where the tumor arose. Disseminated cancer cells retain the phenotypic features of the primary tumor, and display very poor differentiation indices and functional regulation. Upon arrival at the target organ, they replace preexisting, normal cells, thereby permanently compromising the patient’s health; the metastasis can, in turn, metastasize. The spread of cancer cells implies the degradation of the extracellular matrix by a variety of enzymes, among which the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is particularly effective. This article reviews the available published literature concerning the important role that MMP-9 has in the metastatic process. Additionally, information is provided on therapeutic approaches aimed at counteracting, or even preventing, the development of metastasis via the use of MMP-9 antagonists.
“…First, we performed in vitro experi- variety of human cancers, including BC. [25][26][27][28][29] We therefore predicted that these proteins may be useful markers to monitor biological behaviours of BC cells in SNHG1-mediated modulation. Collectively, these results revealed that SNHG1 is capable of promoting BC progression by facilitating BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT.…”
Section: Snhg1 Promotes the Proliferation Migration And Invasion Omentioning
Bladder cancer (BC), one of the most lethal neoplasms of the genitourinary system worldwide, has shown a trend towards increasing incidence and mortality rates in recent years. 1 Despite substantial progress in understanding the pathophysiology of BC, the exact mechanisms underlying bladder carcinogenesis remain unclear. Therefore, identifying novel molecular targets and more effective therapeutic approaches is of crucial importance to improve the treatment and prognosis of BC. Currently, emerging evidence has indicated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of human carcinomas, providing novel insights into mechanistic research on the occurrence and development of malignant neoplasms. 2 miRNAs are a group of small ncRNAs with an average length of 20-24 nucleotides that mediate the translational suppression or degradation of mRNAs by binding to their 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs). 3 Additionally, lncRNAs are a subgroup of ncRNAs that have lengths greater than 200 bp. It has been generally recognized
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.