<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>FePd</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>as a material for studying thermally active artificial spin ice systems

Drisko, Jasper; Daunheimer, Stephen; Cumings, John

doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.224406

Cited by 55 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…This so-called spin ice 2 state is also regarded as an algebraic spin liquid that sits upon a magnetic charge crystal, given the dumbbell charge description [8,9,14]. Driven by these exotic properties, artificial realizations of dipolar kagome spin ice have been intensively studied, first by employing field demagnetization protocols [15][16][17] and, more recently, by using thermally-active arrays, which have facilitated the local access of the exotic spin ice 2 manifold [18][19][20][21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ground-state candidate for the classical dipolar kagome Ising antiferromagnet

2016

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We have investigated the low-temperature thermodynamic properties of the dipolar kagome Ising antiferromagnet using at-equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations, in the quest for the ground-state manifold. In spite of the limitations of a single spin-flip approach, we managed to identify certain ordering patterns in the low-temperature regime and we propose a candidate for this unknown state. This novel configuration presents some intriguing features and passes several test-criteria, making it a very likely choice for the dipolar long-range order of this kagome Ising antiferromagnet.

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confidence: 99%

Ground-state candidate for the classical dipolar kagome Ising antiferromagnet

2016

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“…9 Such structures have been suggested for macroscopic studies of fundamental frustrated phenomena and their associated emergent behavior showing strong links to the thermodynamics of the system. 10 The field driven manipulation of pre-existing DWs in connected artificial spin ice systems is governed by the chirality and topological nature of the DW 11,12 and it's time-evolution during dynamic propagation. 13,14 These DWs typically originate at the edges of the sample as the reversal in the center of the array is constrained by the magnetization of the surrounding bars.…”

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confidence: 99%

Angular-dependent magnetization reversal processes in artificial spin ice

2015

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The angular dependence to the magnetization reversal in interconnected kagome artificial spin ice structures has been studied through experimental MOKE measurements and micromagnetic simulations. This reversal is mediated by the propagation of magnetic domain walls along the interconnecting bars which either nucleate at the vertex or arrive following an interaction in a neighbouring vertex. The physical differences in these processes show a distinct angular dependence allowing the different contributions to be identified. The configuration of the initial magnetization state, either locally or on a full sublattice of the system, controls the reversal characteristics of the array within a certain field window. This shows how the available magnetization reversal routes can be manipulated and the system trained.

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“…Certain artificial spin ice geometries have well-defined collective magnetic ground states, such as the square lattice 1 , while others have intrinsically disordered and complex ground states, such as the Shakti lattice [3][4][5] . These low-energy collective states have sparked considerable interest in attempting to realize the lowest energy state of different artificial spin ice lattices [6][7][8][9][10] . One successful approach to collective energy minimization involves annealing the arrays by heating them to temperatures near or above the Curie temperature (T C ) of the ferromagnetic material 11,12 .…”

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Understanding thermal annealing of artificial spin ice

et al. 2019

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We have performed a detailed study of thermal annealing of the moment configuration in artificial spin ice. Permalloy (Ni 80 Fe 20 ) artificial spin ice samples were examined in the prototypical square ice geometry, studying annealing as a function of island thickness, island shape, and annealing temperature and duration. We also measured the Curie temperature as a function of film thickness, finding that thickness has a strong effect on the Curie temperature in regimes of relevance to many studies of the dynamics of artificial spin ice systems. Increasing the interaction energy between island moments and reducing the energy barrier to flipping the island moments allows the system to more closely approach the collective low energy state of the moments upon annealing, suggesting new channels for understanding the thermalization processes in these important model systems.Artificial spin ice systems are two-dimensional arrays of nanoscale elements, typically composed of single domain ferromagnetic islands 1 . These systems have been the subject of extensive study and have provided models for the study of a range of novel collective behaviors 2 . Certain artificial spin ice geometries have well-defined collective magnetic ground states, such as the square lattice 1 , while others have intrinsically disordered and complex ground states, such as the Shakti lattice 3-5 . These low-energy collective states have sparked considerable interest in attempting to realize the lowest energy state of different artificial spin ice lattices 6-10 . One successful approach to collective energy minimization involves annealing the arrays by heating them to temperatures near or above the Curie temperature (T C ) of the ferromagnetic material 11,12 . Upon cooling, the island moments arrange themselves into a low energy state via magnetostatic interactions. Using this method, both long-range-ordered 11-13 and intrinsically disordered ground states 4,14 have been achieved, both in permalloy (Ni 80 Fe 20 ) and in other alloys 9,10 . Notably, the method works well even for geometries known to exhibit slow relaxation toward the low energy state 4 . Given the high T C of permalloy, and its importance as a model material for these systems, we investigated thermal annealing of permalloy artificial spin ice by varying the annealing conditions and the geometry of the islands, with the goal of understanding how to improve the effectiveness of annealing.We fabricated our artificial square spin ice samples on Si wafers coated with a 200-nm-thick layer of Si-N deposited a) Electronic mail: peter.schiffer@yale.edu by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The nanoislands, with varied lateral dimensions and inter-island gaps indicated below, were produced by electron beam lithography and liftoff as described previously 12 . The total area of all nanoislands in each square ice sample was about 200×200 µm 2 . In order to keep uniformity of all nanoislands, the write field for lithography was set to cover the whole sample. We deposited our samples with va...

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FePd3as a material for studying thermally active artificial spin ice systems

Cited by 55 publications

References 45 publications

Ground-state candidate for the classical dipolar kagome Ising antiferromagnet

Ground-state candidate for the classical dipolar kagome Ising antiferromagnet

Angular-dependent magnetization reversal processes in artificial spin ice

Understanding thermal annealing of artificial spin ice

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