4fphotoionization and subsequent Auger decay in atomic Pb: Relativistic effects

Abstract

High-resolution 4f photoelectron and subsequent Auger-electron spectra have been measured from free Pb atoms using synchrotron radiation. The fine structure of the spectra has been investigated theoretically by calculating the energies and intensities for 4f photoionization and Auger decay processes using the multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock approach. The role of the relativistic effects in the ground and singly and doubly ionized states has been studied on the basis of computed results and their comparison with experiment.

Pb 4f photoelectron spectroscopy on mass-selected anionic lead clusters at FLASH

“…One reason could be the different photon energies that have been employed in the two experiments, leading to different kinetic energies of 120 and 15 eV in the 4f-and 5d cases, respectively. It is known that if the photoelectron escapes rapidly, a part of the relaxation energy does not go to the photoelectron but remains [46] as excitation in the residual system. In fact, in the high-photon-energy limit the photoelectron spectrum should be centered around the Hartree-Fock energy [47,48], which, according to Koopmans' theorem, is the binding energy evaluated with the unrelaxed final-state energy.…”

A Model to Realize the Potential of Auger Electrons for Radiotherapy

“…This approach will use the relativistic multiconfiguration DiracFock (MCDF) method. The RATIP program package was developed in the late 90s for the calculation of atomic transition and ionization properties for charged ions [25], similar to those expected during the vacancy propagation process. Calculations will be carried out at every propagation step for the actual atomic configuration of the ionized atom.…”

Atomic Radiations in the Decay of Medical Radioisotopes: A Physics Perspective

“…The RATIP program package was developed in the late 90s for the calculation of atomic transition and ionization properties for atoms with arbitrary charge/vacancy distributions [55], similar to those expected during the vacancy propagation process. Calculations will be carried out at every propagation step for the actual atomic configuration of the ionized atom.…”

“…Auger and X-ray transition energies and rates will be calculated using the most recent version of the General Purpose Relativistic Atomic Structure program, GRASP2K [ 53 ] and the Relativistic Atomic Transition and Ionization Properties, RATIP [ 54 ] codes. The RATIP program package was developed in the late 90s for the calculation of atomic transition and ionization properties for atoms with arbitrary charge/vacancy distributions [ 55 ], similar to those expected during the vacancy propagation process. Calculations will be carried out at every propagation step for the actual atomic configuration of the ionized atom.…”