MMC technology and its participation in the integration of variable renewable energies and implementation of DC grids

Zuniga-Garcia, L. G.; Zaragoza-Hernandez, A.; Nadal-Martinez, J. M.; Anaya-Ruiz, G. A.; Moreno-Goytia, Edgar L.; Ugalde-Caballero, L. E.; Venegas-Rebollar, Vicente

doi:10.1109/ropec.2014.7036319

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In recent years, the MMC has become very advantageous in MV (>1 kV) and high power (>10 kW) applications due to its perfect modularity with identical single cells, distributed energy storage, simple voltage scaling, the possibility of joint DC bus arrangement, simple redundancy performance, and flexibility to choose the converter on the grid side 1 . Several applications, such as HVDC, 2,3 STATCOM, 4,5 and MV drives using renewable energy sources, demonstrate the development of this topology in the conversion of AC‐DC and DC‐AC 6,7 . Research related to the MMC in AC‐AC conversion presents the interconnection of three‐phase systems 8–10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study, analysis, and development of a small‐scale AC‐AC modular multilevel converter for solid‐state transformer applications

Castellain

Brandt

Nascimento

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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The modular multilevel converter presents itself as a promising topology in medium voltage and high power applications due to its modular characteristic and flexibility in applications where DC-AC and AC-DC power conversion are required. Despite this, applications with electric traction present this topology in the AC-AC conversion due to the converter at the input of a solid-state transformer and the power system's single-phase characteristic at the converter's input. One of the main problems characteristic of this topology is the harmonic content present in the medium frequency converter output voltage due to its square waveform. Thus, the harmonic content in this voltage is high, increasing the losses and volume in the core of the medium frequency transformer. This paper presents a multilevel modulation scheme using two frequency components in the modulating wave to reduce the harmonic

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study, analysis, and development of a small‐scale AC‐AC modular multilevel converter for solid‐state transformer applications

Castellain

Brandt

Nascimento

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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show abstract

“…It has a higher level number, uses a lower switching frequency to obtain better waveform quality, so that the losses are reduced exponentially and the requirements for voltage resistance and switch consistency of the device are also lower. Therefore, the MMC-HVDC has become a research hotspot and development trend in the future VSC-HVDC field because of its unique technical advantages [6]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel MMC Sub-Module Topology With DC Fault Clearance Capability

Wang

Wen

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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The sub-module of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) in practical engineering mainly adopt half-bridge sub-module (HBSM), which does not have the capability to clear dc fault current. Based on the analysis of the dc fault current path of traditional HBSM, this paper proposes a novel MMC sub-module with dc fault clearance capability. It adds a bidirectional switch and two diodes to the HBSM. When the dc fault occurs, the bypass absorption circuit is introduced into the arm through the diodes and the freewheeling effect of diodes is eliminated by the sub-module capacitor voltage. Thereby, the fault current can be extinguished rapidly and the requirement for the consistency of the trigger pulse is reduced. By comparing with the operation principle of the HBSM, it can quickly block the dc fault current without changing the original control and modulation strategy. Then, the fault clearance principle of the sub-module and the voltage stress of the key power devices are analyzed. The simulation results in MATLAB/SIMLINK have verified the validity and feasibility of the proposed sub-module topology in the dc fault current clearance. INDEX TERMS DC fault, fault clearance, HVDC transmission, modular multilevel converter (MMC), sub-module topology.

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“…Half‐bridge‐based modular multi‐level converters (HB‐MMCs) are becoming widely used in the flexible HVDC systems because of their huge advantages [1–3], and these will have a great chance in the near future to show their superiority in large‐scale meshed multi‐terminal flexible HVDC grids [4]. However, the protection system limits the development of the meshed HVDC grids based on HB‐MMCs in a large extent [5–7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%