MMC-HVDC line fault identification scheme based on single-ended transient voltage information entropy

Single-Ended Limiting Inductor Voltage-Ratio-Derivative Protection Scheme for Vsc-Hvdc Grids

“…Single-ended algorithms present an advantage of speed against double-ended algorithms, since the performance of the latter algorithms is restricted by the time delay imposed by their own communication system [5]. Therefore, this paper deals with single-ended algorithms, which are more appropriate for large Multi-Terminal (MT) HVDC grids with long transmission distances, in order to meet the critical requirement of speed [6].…”