Microwave components/systems that meet the tight requirements of advanced applications—in particular concerning reduced mass and size, increased specs and performance, minimized design time, and cost—demand
fast
EM‐based CAD tools yielding accurate, optimized designs within adequately short response times. This goal makes flexible hybrid solutions desirable, which typically go beyond the efficiency possibilities of single methods. The article presents an overview of the state of the art of hybrid CAD mode‐matching (MM)/finite‐element (FE)/method‐of‐moments (MoM)/finite‐difference (FD) techniques applied for the rigorous, fast CAD and optimization of waveguide components and aperture antennas, and describes some more recent advances. The hybrid techniques presented combine advantageously the efficiency of the MM method with the flexibility of FE, MoM, and FD methods. Typical application examples illustrate the versatility of these techniques; the accuracy is demonstrated by comparisons with available measurements.