MLT Science Enabled by Atmospheric Lidars

She, C. Y.; Liu, Alan; Yuan, Tao; Yue, Jia; Li, Tao; Ban, Chao; Friedman, J. S.

doi:10.1002/9781119815631.ch20

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 313 publications

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“…In contrast, in a longer time series they reported (Clemesha et al, 2004) a negligible net long-term trend in Na centroid altitude over the entire 30-year period. A comparison between these results and that presented here would be difficult not only because they were observed at different geometric regions, midlatitude versus equatorial region, but also because of a potential difference in laser stability, see p. 399 of She et al (2021), between a broadband pulsed lidar used at 32°S station and a narrowband lidar used at the 41°N and 42°N stations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Climatology, Long‐Term Trend and Solar Response of Na Density Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Midlatitude Mesopause Na Lidar Observation

She,

Krueger,

Yan

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

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The climatology of earth's Na density over Fort Collins, CO (41°N, 105°W) based on nocturnal Na lidar observations between 1990 and 1999 was reported by She et al. (2000, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl003825). Based on a continued 28‐year data set between 1990 and 2017 with the latter part observed over Logan, UT (42N, 112W), we update the seasonal variations between 80 and 110 km. This data set is also used to deduce long‐term responses of Na density (profile) between 75 and 110 km, showing a positive linear trend between 75 and 93 km (with maximum ∼2.87 × 108 m−3/decade at 87 km); it turns negative before approaching zero at 110 km (with minimum ∼−2.96 × 107 m−3/decade at 100 km). The associated solar response is also positive for the altitude range in question (with maximum ∼5.20 × 106 m−3/SFU at 91 km). We also derived the 28‐year mean Na layer column abundance, centroid altitude, and root mean square width to be 3.92 ± 2.14 1013 m−2, 91.3 ± 1.0 km, and 4.62 ± 0.56 km, respectively, and deduced long‐term trend and solar cycle responses of column abundance and centroid altitude, respectively to be 7.81 ± 1.63%/decade and 16.9 ± 2.8%/100SFU, and −355 ± 35 m/decade and −1.94 ± 0.69 m/SFU. We explained conceptually how positive long‐term responses in Na density led to positive responses in column abundance and negative responses in centroid altitude.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Climatology, Long‐Term Trend and Solar Response of Na Density Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Midlatitude Mesopause Na Lidar Observation

She,

Krueger,

Yan

et al. 2023

JGR Space Physics

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“…Through frequency doubling of its first Stokes wave is also an important approach to achieve yellow emission 5–7 with significant application in medical treatment, laser display, remote sensing and metrology 8–12 . Especially for second harmonic generation (SHG) of the c‐cut Nd:YVO 4 crystal Raman laser, it could achieve 589 nm yellow emission for potential sodium beacon application as its resonating with sodium D 2 spectrum line 13–15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11][12] Especially for second harmonic generation (SHG) of the c-cut Nd:YVO 4 crystal Raman laser, it could achieve 589 nm yellow emission for potential sodium beacon application as its resonating with sodium D 2 spectrum line. [13][14][15] Recently, frequency-doubling of separate Raman crystal laser based on BaWO 4 and KGW crystals also had been reported for 589 nm yellow emission. 16,17 Nd:YVO 4 self-Raman laser was widely studied for its advantages in no need of additional laser crystal and making laser resonator compact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact 589 nm yellow source generated by frequency‐doubling of passively Q‐switched Nd:YVO₄ Raman laser

Mao

Ji-cun

et al. 2022

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Compact 589 nm yellow source was reported and generated from intracavity frequency-doubling of c-cut YVO 4 / Nd:YVO 4 /YVO 4 Raman laser. A Cr 4+ :YAG/YAG composite was adopted for compact passively Q-switching operation. Double-end composited Nd:YVO 4 crystal was designed to reduce the thermal effect and increase Raman crystal length. Both noncritical phase-matching (NCPM) LBO crystal and critical phase-matching (CPM) BBO crystal were used as frequency doubling crystal for comparison. 780 mW output power of 589 nm yellow emission was achieved with an incident pump power of 16 W. The pulse repetition frequency and pulse width were 41 kHz and 3.6 ns at the maximum output power, respectively. The results show passively Q-switched operation provides a compact method to obtain 589 nm yellow emission.

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“…Notably, they lead to cold summer mesopause and residual circulation from the summer pole to the winter pole (Hitchman et al., 1989; Lindzen, 1981; Yuan et al., 2008). Lidars have become an instrument of choice for GW studies; their dynamics, fluxes, and effects on atmospheric stability have recently been reviewed by Alan Liu in a book chapter, entitled “MLT Science Enabled by Atmospheric Lidars” (She et al., 2021). Their statistical characterization to better quantify the climatology, heat, and momentum fluxes, as well as possible long‐term trends however requires ample high‐resolution observational data, which is more difficult to achieve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology and Seasonal Variations of Temperatures and Gravity Wave Activities in the Mesopause Region Above Ft. Collins, CO (40.6°N, 105.1°W)

et al. 2022

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Based on observations at a polar site (69°N), Lübken and von Zahn (1991) reported a counter-intuitive bistable pattern of mesopause, high in winter (192K at 98 km) and low in summer (129K at 88 km). Though unexpected, Na lidar observations showed that the bistable pattern also exists in a midlatitude station (40.6°N) with winter mesopause at 101 km and summer mesopause at 86 km (She et al., 1993;. The two-level mesopause was further confirmed by shipborne K lidar observations (von Zahn & Höffner, 1996), which enabled observations between 71°S and 54°N from late April to early July 1996. This set of measurements which included southern and northern equatorial regions showed that the summer state does not exist in the equatorial region. Using 2 years of data (1996)(1997) from Fort Collins (40.6°N, 105°W) and Kühlungsborn, Germany (54°N, 12°E), along with older monthly mean data from ALOMAR, Norway (69°N, 16°E), the concept of the two-level mesopause was further elucidated (She & von Zahn, 1998) and idealized in Figure 1 of their paper. They asserted the two-level mesopause structure exists globally in midlatitude and polar regions but not in equatorial regions.In the two-level structure, there exists an altitude of minimum annual variation in temperature near 98 km and an altitude of maximum annual variation in temperature near 86 km. There also exists a high-altitude winter mesopause near 100 km and a low-altitude summer mesopause near 88 ± 3 km with a clear and abrupt jump between them, despite of the fact that unlike at 69°N and 54°N, the sharp summer/winter transitions were not observed at 40.6°N. The less clear summer/winter mesopause transition at 40.6°N is due to the relatively smaller difference between summer and winter mesopause temperatures at a lower-latitude station, which may be over-powered by superimposed day-to-day wave perturbations in a 2-year data set. However, when the true climatology of the temperature structure is revealed, the proposed two-level mesopause structure with sharp winter/summer transitions can be ascertained. One objective of this paper is to use the 20 years (956 nights) of nocturnal temperature observations to investigate the climatology of the two-level mesopause and to reveal the sharp mesopause transitions at midlatitude.

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MLT Science Enabled by Atmospheric Lidars

Cited by 9 publications

References 313 publications

Climatology, Long‐Term Trend and Solar Response of Na Density Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Midlatitude Mesopause Na Lidar Observation

Climatology, Long‐Term Trend and Solar Response of Na Density Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Midlatitude Mesopause Na Lidar Observation

Compact 589 nm yellow source generated by frequency‐doubling of passively Q‐switched Nd:YVO₄ Raman laser

Climatology and Seasonal Variations of Temperatures and Gravity Wave Activities in the Mesopause Region Above Ft. Collins, CO (40.6°N, 105.1°W)

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MLT Science Enabled by Atmospheric Lidars

Cited by 9 publications

References 313 publications

Climatology, Long‐Term Trend and Solar Response of Na Density Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Midlatitude Mesopause Na Lidar Observation

Climatology, Long‐Term Trend and Solar Response of Na Density Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Midlatitude Mesopause Na Lidar Observation

Compact 589 nm yellow source generated by frequency‐doubling of passively Q‐switched Nd:YVO4 Raman laser

Climatology and Seasonal Variations of Temperatures and Gravity Wave Activities in the Mesopause Region Above Ft. Collins, CO (40.6°N, 105.1°W)

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Compact 589 nm yellow source generated by frequency‐doubling of passively Q‐switched Nd:YVO₄ Raman laser