Mkh1, a MEK Kinase Required for Cell Wall Integrity and Proper Response to Osmotic and Temperature Stress in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>

Sengar, Ameet S.; Markley, Nancy A.; Marini, Nicholas J.; Young, Dallan

doi:10.1128/mcb.17.7.3508

Cited by 73 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Deletion of mkh1, pek1, or pmk1 did not significantly affect cell growth under standard conditions. However, the mutants are sensitive to ␤-glucanase treatment and to antifungal agents that interfere with cell wall biosynthesis (Toda et al, 1996b;Sengar et al, 1997). In the presence of hyperosmotic medium, high temperatures or nutrient starvation, a number of cells (30%) exhibit filamentous, multiseptated growth, and the cells are swollen (Sengar et al, 1997;Zaitsevskaya-Carter and Cooper, 1997;Sugiura et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the mutants are sensitive to ␤-glucanase treatment and to antifungal agents that interfere with cell wall biosynthesis (Toda et al, 1996b;Sengar et al, 1997). In the presence of hyperosmotic medium, high temperatures or nutrient starvation, a number of cells (30%) exhibit filamentous, multiseptated growth, and the cells are swollen (Sengar et al, 1997;Zaitsevskaya-Carter and Cooper, 1997;Sugiura et al, 1999). This phenotype is accompanied by thickened cell walls and prominent septa, and this might indicate that these cells are defective in cell wall biosynthesis or degradation under stressful conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…rgf1⌬ cells, like pmk1⌬ cells, were hypersensitive to ␤-glucanase treatment ( Figure 2B; Toda et al, 1996b;Sengar et al, 1997), and their growth was inhibited by high salt concentrations, a phenotype characteristic of the knockouts of the pmk1 ϩ , mkh1 ϩ , and pek1 ϩ genes ( Figure 2C). Moreover, we found that rgf1⌬ cells required a significantly longer period of time to reenter the cell cycle upon reinoculation into fresh medium after prolonged stationary phase arrest compared with ϩ .…”

Section: Cells Lacking Rgf1 Show the Vic Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fission yeast, the Pmk1p MAPK pathway also regulates morphogenesis and ion homeostasis and becomes activated under multiple stresses, including hyper-or hypotonic conditions, the presence of cell wall-damaging compounds, glucose deprivation, and oxidative stress (Madrid et al, 2006). The MAPK module is composed of MAPKKK Mkh1p (Sengar et al, 1997), MAPKK Pek1p/Shk1p (Sugiura et al, 1999;Loewith et al, 2000), and MAPK Pmk1p/Spm1p (Toda et al, 1996b;Zaitsevskaya-Carter and Cooper, 1997). Although this module was identified several years ago, little is known about its upstream components or the phosphorylation substrates activated by the cell integrity signaling pathway (Ma et al, 2006;Takada et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Rho1p Exchange Factor Rgf1p Signals Upstream from the Pmk1 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Fission Yeast

Garcia

Tajadura²,

Sánchez

2009

MBoC

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The Schizosaccharomyces pombe exchange factor Rgf1p specifically regulates Rho1p during polarized growth. Rgf1p activates the ␤-glucan synthase (GS) complex containing the catalytic subunit Bgs4p and is involved in the activation of growth at the second end, a transition that requires actin reorganization. In this work, we investigated Rgf1p signaling and observed that Rgf1p acted upstream from the Pck2p-Pmk1p MAPK signaling pathway. We noted that Rgf1p and calcineurin play antagonistic roles in Cl ؊ homeostasis; rgf1⌬ cells showed the vic phenotype (viable in the presence of immunosuppressant and chlorine ion) and were unable to grow in the presence of high salt concentrations, both phenotypes being characteristic of knockouts of the MAPK components. In addition, mutations that perturb signaling through the MAPK pathway resulted in defective cell integrity (hypersensitivity to caspofungin and ␤-glucanase). Rgf1p acts by positively regulating a subset of stimuli toward the Pmk1p-cell integrity pathway. After osmotic shock and cell wall damage HA-tagged Pmk1p was phosphorylated in wild-type cells but not in rgf1⌬ cells. Finally, we provide evidence to show that Rgf1p regulates Pmk1p activation in a process that involves the activation of Rho1p and Pck2p, and we demonstrate that Rgf1p is unique in this signaling process, because Pmk1p activation was largely independent of the other two Rho1p-specific GEFs, Rgf2p and Rgf3p.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cells Lacking Rgf1 Show the Vic Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Rho1p Exchange Factor Rgf1p Signals Upstream from the Pmk1 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Fission Yeast

Garcia

Tajadura²,

Sánchez

2009

MBoC

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“…According to Mattern et al (1999) and Sharma and Kalonia (2004), cell proteins show different forms and activities after freeze-drying and L-drying. For instance, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, proteins are required for cell wall integrity, cell morphology, and resistance to high KCl concentration (Sengar et al, 1997). The morphology of desiccated cells should be investigated in the future.…”

Section: Survival During Storage Depends On the Amount Of Moisture Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of yeasts stored after freeze-drying or liquid-drying

Miyamoto‐Shinohara¹,

Nozawa²,

Sukenobe³

et al. 2010

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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IntroductionFreeze-drying and L-drying are popular methods of preserving microorganisms, because long-term viability is excellent in most cases and the storage and distribution requirements are simple. By plotting the survival curves of freeze-dried species sealed under high vacuum ( 1 Pa) and stored at 5 C in the dark, we previously found that the survival rates of Gram-positive bacteria immediately after freeze-drying and during storage were higher than those of Gram-negative bacteria (Miyamoto-Shinohara et al., 2008). In addition, the survival rate of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae immediately after freeze-drying was lower than those of bacterial species, although S. cerevisiae survival rates were stable during storage (Miyamoto-Shinohara et al., 2000.To increase the survival rates of S. cerevisiae strains, we tested the applicability of L-drying, in which cells are desiccated by vacuum evaporation at room temperature. In contrast, during freeze-drying, cells are desiccated by sublimation. L-drying is effective for the long-term preservation of cultures sensitive to freezedrying (Malik, 1990(Malik, , 1999. In this research, yeast strains were L-dried according to the method of the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka (Banno et al., 1979), in which the cell suspension was dispensed into a glass ampoule (in the same way as for freeze-drying) and a cotton wool plug was inserted to prevent the temperature in the ampoule from falling to the freezing point (Iijima and Sakane, 1973).To clarify the mechanisms underlying tolerance to L-drying and freeze-drying, we investigated the survival of type strains of various yeast species. The survival J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 56, 107 119 (2010) We investigated

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Eleven novelsep genes ofSchizosaccharomyces pombe required for efficient cell separation and sexual differentiation

Grallert

Grallert²,

Zilahi

et al. 1999

Yeast

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Genetic analysis of 20 sterile mutants prone to form hyphae revealed 11 novel ste genes (sep6 to sep16) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. None of the mutants was completely mycelial. Most mutants formed branching hyphae and showed normal septation. Aberrant septal structures and actin distribution were seen only at 36°C. sep9‐307, sep14‐576 and sep15‐598 showed genetic interactions with sep1‐1, a mutation in a forkhead transcription factor homologue. Additional genetic interactions were detected between sep6‐194, sep15‐598 and cdc16‐116, a mutant allele of an anaphase modulator of p34cdc2. sep9‐307 and sep15‐598 caused dikaryosis in wee1− background. In mating and sporulation tests, sep6−, sep7−, sep9−, sep10−, sep11− and sep15− proved to be defective in conjugation only, whereas sep8−, sep13− and sep16− were also defective in meiosis‐sporulation. sep12− and sep14− were only partially sterile. All mutants could produce M‐factor but sep8−, sep11−, sep15− and sep16− were defective in P‐factor production. The mutations in sep8, sep11 and sep16 suppressed the pat1‐114‐driven meiosis. All mutants were sensitive to the presence of higher concentrations of chloride in the medium and to short heat shocks. The diversity of the mutant phenotypes and the pleiotropic effects of the mutations suggest that these sep genes might act in, or interact with, a multiple overlapping network of regulatory modules. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Mkh1, a MEK Kinase Required for Cell Wall Integrity and Proper Response to Osmotic and Temperature Stress in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Cited by 73 publications

References 56 publications

The Rho1p Exchange Factor Rgf1p Signals Upstream from the Pmk1 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Fission Yeast

The Rho1p Exchange Factor Rgf1p Signals Upstream from the Pmk1 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Fission Yeast

Survival of yeasts stored after freeze-drying or liquid-drying

Eleven novelsep genes ofSchizosaccharomyces pombe required for efficient cell separation and sexual differentiation

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