MK: an Apparently Silent Allele at the MN Locus

Metaxas, M. N.; Metaxas-Buehler, M.

doi:10.1038/2021123a0

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There are others still that so far have only been found in either of the two pos sible combinations: M2 and iV2 associated with a positive direct Coombs test [15,16,17,18], Ma [14] and Mz [22,23], while Mk is associated neither with S nor with s [20],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The <i>MgS </i>Gene Complex of the MNSs Blood Group System, Evidenced in a Sicilian Family

Brocteur¹

1969

Hum Hered

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The <i>MgS </i>Gene Complex of the MNSs Blood Group System, Evidenced in a Sicilian Family

Brocteur¹

1969

Hum Hered

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“…However, this is probably not the whole explanation of the delay if the tuberculin reaction can be taken as a guide. Thus Metaxas and Metaxas (1955) found that when tuberculin sensitised cells were injected intradermally together with tuberculin the characteristic delay of the tuberculin reaction was still present. The delay is thus probably in the reaction itself.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Delayed Skin Reactionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Mechanism of Contact Sensitisation

1962

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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IT lzas long been known that human skin can be sensitised by contact with simple chemical substances and the patch test of Jadassohn was used as a clinical method to detect this kind of sensitisation. Experimental contact sensitisation in guinea-pigs was produced for the first time in 1928 by means of neosalvarsan (Frei, 1928) soon to be followed by similar experiments with para-phenylenediamine (Mayer, 193 l), phenylhydrazine (Jadassohn, 1930) and primula extract (Bloch and Steiner-Wourlisch, 1930). In a remarkable investigation Bloch and other (1930) demonstrated that the local application of primula extract to guinea-pig skin was followed a few days later by sensitisation of the entire skin. They showed that repeated application of the extract did not produce desensitisation and that the sensitisation could not be transmitted by means of serum or wheal fluid. Earlier (Bloch and Steiner-Wourlisch, 1926) these same workers had shown that a sufficiently large dose of primula extract would sensitise almost 100 per cent of a group of human subjects, thus disposing of the idea that hypersensitivity could be achieved only in a small proportion of "idiosyncratic individuals".Landsteiner and Jacobs (1 935) used substituted benzene derivatives, for example, dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and picryl chloride (PC) to induce contact sensitisation in guinea-pigs, and most of the subsequent work in this field has been carried out with this type of compound. Following the intracutaneous or epicutaneous application of DNCB or PC to guinea-pig skin, a generalised skin hypersensitivity develops on the 5th to the 9th day. If at this stage a second application is made elsewhere on the surface of the skin, a pinkish reaction on a slightly swollen background begins to arise at the second site after a few hours ; this reaction becomes maximal after 24-48 hr. The individual susceptibility of guineapigs towards contact sensitisation varies. Some guinea-pigs cannot be sensitised at all, and strains of markedly different genetic susceptibility have been isolated (Chase, 1941).The main site of the contact sensitisation reaction is in the basal layers of the epidermis. Although there is a superficial resemblance between the primary toxic effect of a large dose of PC and DNCB in a non-sensitised guinea-pig and the effect of a much smaller dose of the same compound in a sensitised guinea-pig the histological character of the lesion in the two instances is different (Jadassohn, Bujard and Brun, 1955 ;de Weck and Brun, 1956;Fisher and Cooke, 1958a). The primary toxic response is characterised by degeneration of epidermal cells with moderate leucocytosis, whilst the allergic response is characterised by a rapid massive extravasation of mononuclear cells migrating in trails directly into the 1

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“…1 and, although the pedigree of her family has already been published elsewhere [5], to reproduce it in fig. 1 together with the pedigrees of the 5 other Mk families, which are numbered 2 to 6, in the order in which the respective propositi were found.…”

Section: The Six Mk Propositi and Their Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gene Mk can be recognized in the heterozygote (no homozygote has yet been found), although by quite different means than those which usually apply to blood group genes : instead of giving rise to an antigen readily defined by a specific antibody, Mk reveals its presence by a lack of antigens of the MN Ss system [5,9] and, as shown more recently [10], in other characteristics of the red cells which must be related to some abnormality of the surface of the latter. One expects such a gene to occur in half of the children of a mating in which one partner possesses it and the other does not.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inheritance of the Blood Group Gene M^k and Some Considerations on Its Possible Nature

Metaxas¹,

Metaxas-Bühler²,

Romanski³

1971

Vox Sanguinis

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Although the gene M^k gives rise to none of the antigens of the MN or Ss series, its presence is revealed in the heterozygous state by the results of dosage experiments and by certain reactions related to some abnormality of the red cell surface. The corresponding character M^k may therefore be considered as dominant, and in matings of the type Mk x non-M^k, half of the children should consequently inherit the gene, and the other half not. Seventeen matings of the type mentioned, and 5 more presumed to be of this type, were analyzed in this respect: the results correspond closely with expectation. Work on so-called anti-M^k sera is reviewed and the results are discussed in conjunction with considerations on the possible nature of the gene M^k. The conclusion is reached that these sera do not contain a true blood group antibody and that Mk is either an amorph or a ‘built-in’ inhibitor gene at the MNSs locus.

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MK: an Apparently Silent Allele at the MN Locus

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

The <i>MgS </i>Gene Complex of the MNSs Blood Group System, Evidenced in a Sicilian Family

The <i>MgS </i>Gene Complex of the MNSs Blood Group System, Evidenced in a Sicilian Family

The Mechanism of Contact Sensitisation

The Inheritance of the Blood Group Gene M^k and Some Considerations on Its Possible Nature

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