“…The latter is based on the concept of "autocatalytic software" [Tschudin, Chr and Yamamoto, Lidia 2005], or chemical computing [Miorandi, Daniele and Yamamoto, Lidia 2008]: essentially, protocols emerge automatically as collections of "fraglets", i.e., combinations of code segments and parameters which are evolved, respectively, by distributed GP [Yamamoto, Lidia and Tschudin, Christian 2005a,b] and distributed EAs [Alouf, Sara and Neglia, Giovanni and Carreras, Iacopo and Miorandi, Daniele and Fialho, Álvaro 2010], and spread over the network through opportunistic (epidemic) propagation [Alouf, Sara and Carreras, Iacopo and Miorandi, Daniele and Neglia, Giovanni 2007] regulated by interactions with the environment. On top of this, another EA optimizes the combination of protocols, i.e., the protocol stack [Baude, Françoise and Legrand, Virginie and Henrio, Ludovic and Naoumenko, Paul and Pfeffer, Heiko and Bassbouss, Louay and Linner, David 2010;Imai, Pierre and Tschudin, Christian 2010;Miorandi, Daniele and Yamamoto, Lidia and Dini, Paolo 2006].…”