Mixing State of Size-Selected Submicrometer Particles in the Arctic in May and September 2012

Park, Kihong; Kim, Gibaek; Kim, Jaeseok; Yoon, Young-Jun; Cho, Hee-Joo; Ström, Johan

doi:10.1021/es404622n

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…2). Previous studies reported that air masses from North America or Greenland during the summer contain higher concentrations of black carbon, OM, and sulfate (Burkart et al, 2017;Chang et al, 2011;Fu et al, 2008;Moore et al, 2011;Park et al, 2013). Indeed, there is strong emission intensity of OC and SO 2 around the Arctic area from the emission simulation as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Organic coating on sulfate and soot particles during late summer in the Svalbard Archipelago

Zhang

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Interaction of anthropogenic particles with radiation and clouds plays an important role in Arctic climate change. The mixing state of aerosols is a key parameter to influence aerosol radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions. However, little is known of this parameter in the Arctic, preventing an accurate representation of this information in global models. Here we used transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, and atomic forces microscopy to determine the size and mixing state of individual sulfate and carbonaceous particles at 100 nm to 2 µm collected in the Svalbard Archipelago in summer. We found that 74 % by number of non-sea-salt sulfate particles were coated with organic matter (OM); 20 % of sulfate particles also had soot inclusions which only appeared in the OM coating. The OM coating is estimated to contribute 63 % of the particle volume on average. To understand how OM coating influences optical properties of sulfate particles, a Mie core–shell model was applied to calculate optical properties of individual sulfate particles. Our result shows that the absorption cross section of individual OM-coated particles significantly increased when assuming the OM coating as light-absorbing brown carbon. Microscopic observations here suggest that OM modulates the mixing structure of fine Arctic sulfate particles, which may determine their hygroscopicity and optical properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Organic coating on sulfate and soot particles during late summer in the Svalbard Archipelago

Zhang

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Two discrete systems of scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) systems, each of which included a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and a condensation particle counter (CPC), continuously measured the distribution of small particles in differential mobility equivalent diameter ranges 3-60 nm (combination of TSI 3085 and TSI 3776) and 10-500 nm (TSI 3034), and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) analyzed larger particles in the range 0.5-20 µm in diameter (Park et al, 2014a;Lupi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational evidence for the formation of DMS-derived aerosols during Arctic phytoplankton blooms

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The connection between marine biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and the formation of aerosol particles in the Arctic atmosphere was evaluated by analyzing atmospheric DMS mixing ratio, aerosol particle size distribution and aerosol chemical composition data that were concurrently collected at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78.5 • N, 11.8 • E), during April and May 2015. Measurements of aerosol sulfur (S) compounds showed distinct patterns during periods of Arctic haze (April) and phytoplankton blooms (May). Specifically, during the phytoplankton bloom period the contribution of DMS-derived SO 2− 4 to the total aerosol SO 2− 4 increased by 7-fold compared with that during the proceeding Arctic haze period, and accounted for up to 70 % of fine SO 2− 4 particles (< 2.5 µm in diameter). The results also showed that the formation of submicron SO 2− 4 aerosols was significantly associated with an increase in the atmospheric DMS mixing ratio. More importantly, two independent estimates of the formation of DMS-derived SO 2− 4 aerosols, calculated using the stable S-isotope ratio and the non-seasalt SO 2− 4 / methanesulfonic acid ratio, respectively, were in close agreement, providing compelling evidence that the contribution of biogenic DMS to the formation of aerosol particles was substantial during the Arctic phytoplankton bloom period.

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“…On the one hand, the results of these heterogeneous reactions could change the CCN or IN abilities, optical properties, and further dry and wet deposition of SSA. On the other hand, these surface reactions of SSA could affect the photochemical reactivity in the Arctic air because they release gaseous halogen species (De Haan et al, 1999;Knipping et al, 2000;von Glasow, 2008;Osthoff et al, 2008;Thornton et al, 2010;Phillips et al, 2012).…”

Section: Organic Matter In Aged Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea salt aerosols as a reactive surface for inorganic and organic acidic gases in the Arctic troposphere

Zhang

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Sea salt aerosols (SSA) are dominant particles in the Arctic atmosphere and determine the polar radiative balance. SSA react with acidic pollutants that lead to changes in physical and chemical properties of their surface, which in turn alter their hygroscopic and optical properties. Transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry was used to analyze morphology, composition, size, and mixing state of individual SSA at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, in summertime. Individual fresh SSA contained cubic NaCl coated by certain amounts of MgCl2 and CaSO4. Individual partially aged SSA contained irregular NaCl coated by a mixture of NaNO3, Na2SO4, Mg(NO3)2, and MgSO4. The comparison suggests the hydrophilic MgCl2 coating in fresh SSA likely intrigued the heterogeneous reactions at the beginning of SSA and acidic gases. Individual fully aged SSA normally had Na2SO4 cores and an amorphous coating of NaNO3. Elemental mappings of individual SSA particles revealed that as the particles ageing Cl gradually decreased, the C, N, O, and S content increased. 12C- mapping from nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry indicates that organic matter increased in the aged SSA compared with the fresh SSA. 12C- line scan further shows that organic matter was mainly concentrated on the aged SSA surface. These new findings indicate that this mixture of organic matter and NaNO3 on particle surfaces likely determines their hygroscopic and optical properties. These abundant SSA as reactive surfaces adsorbing inorganic and organic acidic gases can shorten acidic gas lifetime and influence the possible gaseous reactions in the Arctic atmosphere, which need to be incorporated into atmospheric chemical models in the Arctic troposphere.

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Mixing State of Size-Selected Submicrometer Particles in the Arctic in May and September 2012

Cited by 11 publications

References 53 publications

Organic coating on sulfate and soot particles during late summer in the Svalbard Archipelago

Organic coating on sulfate and soot particles during late summer in the Svalbard Archipelago

Observational evidence for the formation of DMS-derived aerosols during Arctic phytoplankton blooms

Sea salt aerosols as a reactive surface for inorganic and organic acidic gases in the Arctic troposphere

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