Mixing of polar vortex air into middle latitudes as revealed by tracer‐tracer scatterplots

Waugh, Darryn W.; Plumb, R. Alan; Elkins, James W.; Fahey, D. W.; Boering, K. A.; Dutton, G. S.; Volk, C. M.; Keim, E. R.; Gao, R. S.; Daube, Bruce C.; Wofsy, Steven C.; Loewenstein, M.; Podolske, James R.; Chan, K. R.; Proffitt, M. H.; Kelly, K. K.; Newman, Paul A.; Lait, Leslie R.

doi:10.1029/96jd03715

Cited by 158 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…2.3.5). Waugh et al (1997) gives a value of 10 3 m 2 /s for the horizontal diffusion coefficient, which seems to be somewhat lower than our effective diffusion coefficients. The sharp drop in the horizontal diffusion at λ c values of 5 d −1 and 10 d −1 is due to the fact that only very few mixing events occured at these values and that all events were merging events (r − ), while at lower λ c values, also r + events occured, which have a much larger diffusion coefficient (at the same mixing parameters).…”

Section: Estimation Of Diffusion Coefficientscontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Most estimates (including ours) are based on indirect methods as the reconstruction of observed tracer filaments, profiles or tracer-tracer relationships, usually with a diffusion component and sometimes a Langrangian transport component, e.g. by a simple 1-D diffusion model for the mean vertical profile (Massie and Hunten, 1981), numerical models for strain and diffusion of filaments (Balluch and Haynes, 1997;Waugh et al, 1997), or by averaging stochastic back trajectories (Legras et al, 2005). In contrast to e.g.…”

Section: Estimation Of Diffusion Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grey lines are the vertical diffusion coefficients from the left panel scaled by α 2 . Solid black line shows estimate from Waugh et al (1997). The right panel of Fig.…”

Section: Estimation Of Diffusion Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lagrangian chemistry and transport model ATLAS: validation of advective transport and mixing

Wohltmann

Rex

2009

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. We present a new global Chemical Transport Model (CTM) with full stratospheric chemistry and Lagrangian transport and mixing called ATLAS (Alfred Wegener InsTitute LAgrangian Chemistry/Transport System). Lagrangian (trajectory-based) models have several important advantages over conventional Eulerian (grid-based) models, including the absence of spurious numerical diffusion, efficient code parallelization and no limitation of the largest time step by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy criterion. The basic concept of transport and mixing is similar to the approach in the commonly used CLaMS model. Several aspects of the model are different from CLaMS and are introduced and validated here, including a different mixing algorithm for lower resolutions which is less diffusive and agrees better with observations with the same mixing parameters. In addition, values for the vertical and horizontal stratospheric bulk diffusion coefficients are inferred and compared to other studies. This work focusses on the description of the dynamical part of the model and the validation of the mixing algorithm. The chemistry module, which contains 49 species, 170 reactions and a detailed treatment of heterogeneous chemistry, will be presented in a separate paper.

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Section: Estimation Of Diffusion Coefficientscontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Estimation Of Diffusion Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lagrangian chemistry and transport model ATLAS: validation of advective transport and mixing

Wohltmann

Rex

2009

Geosci. Model Dev.

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“…We may also revisit the debate about whether the stratospheric winter polar vortex was a 'containment vessel' (Juckes and McIntyre, 1987;Schoeberl et al, 1992) or a 'flow reactor' (Proffitt et al, 1989a(Proffitt et al, , 1989bTuck, 1989;Tuck et al, 1992;Waugh et al, 1997). The fact that the ER-2 flights across and along the lower stratospheric polarnight jet stream show scale invariance indicates that the so-called 'barrier' deduced from contour maps of potential vorticity is in fact more like a sieve, being porous on all scales.…”

Section: Some Considerations For Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From molecules to meteorology via turbulent scale invariance

Tuck

2010

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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This review attempts to interpret the generalized scale invariance observed in common atmospheric variables -wind, temperature, humidity, ozone and some trace species -in terms of the computed emergence of ring currents (vortices) in simulations of populations of Maxwellian molecules subject to an anisotropy in the form of a flux. The data are taken from 'horizontal' tracks of research aircraft and from 'vertical' trajectories of research dropsondes. It is argued that any attempt to represent the energy distribution in the atmosphere quantitatively must have a proper basis in molecular physics, a prerequisite to accommodate the observed longtailed velocity probability distributions and the implied effects on radiative transfer, atmospheric chemistry, turbulent structure and the definition of temperature itself. The relationship between fluctuations and dissipation is discussed in a framework of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, and a link between maximization of entropy production and scale invariance is hypothesized.

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“…Holton et al, 1995;Grewe and Dameris, 1996;Kowol-Santen et al, 2000), or meridional transport in the stratosphere (e.g. Salby and Callagham, 1993;Waugh, 1997). Observations of chemical tracers made by the CRISTA instrument (Offermann et al, 1999) or from the UARS satellite (Randel et al, 1993) indicated a strong latitudinal gradient in these trace species, which confirmed the existence of a sub-tropical transport barrier (Plumb, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Climatologies of subtropical mixing derived from 3D models

Eyring¹,

Dameris²,

Grewe³

et al. 2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.Fingerlike structures reaching from lower into extra-tropical latitudes significantly contribute to the tropical-extratropical exchange of air masses. This is also an exchange of upper tropospheric and stratospheric air. Those so called streamers can, on a horizontal plane, be detected in N 2 O or O 3 since they are characterised by high N 2 O or low O 3 values compared to undisturbed mid-latitude values. A climatology of streamer events has been established, employing the chemical-transport model KASIMA, which is driven by ECMWF re-analyses (ERA) and operational analyses. For the first time, the seasonal and geographical distribution of streamer frequencies has been determined on the basis of 9 years of meteorological analyses.For the current investigation, a meridional gradient criterion has been newly formulated and applied to the N 2 O distributions calculated with KASIMA. A climatology has been derived by counting all streamer events between 21 and 25 km for the years 1990 to 1998. The results have been compared with a streamer climatology which has been established in the same way employing data of a multiyear simulation with the coupled chemistry-climate model

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Mixing of polar vortex air into middle latitudes as revealed by tracer‐tracer scatterplots

Cited by 158 publications

References 49 publications

The Lagrangian chemistry and transport model ATLAS: validation of advective transport and mixing

The Lagrangian chemistry and transport model ATLAS: validation of advective transport and mixing

From molecules to meteorology via turbulent scale invariance

Climatologies of subtropical mixing derived from 3D models

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