Mixing and Matching Chromosomes during Female Meiosis

Rubin, Thomas; Macaisne, Nicolas; Huynh, Jean‐René

doi:10.3390/cells9030696

Cited by 29 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…In several species, centromere clustering has been implicated in promoting homolog pairing [21]. Similarly, telomere anchoring at the nuclear envelope and subsequent clustering and/or rapid prophase movements are involved in the pairing process in various organisms [22,23]. In addition, meiotic recombination is often of paramount importance for homolog pairing [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome separation during Drosophila male meiosis I requires separase-mediated cleavage of the homolog conjunction protein UNO

et al. 2020

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Regular chromosome segregation during the first meiotic division requires prior pairing of homologous chromosomes into bivalents. During canonical meiosis, linkage between homologous chromosomes is maintained until late metaphase I by chiasmata resulting from meiotic recombination in combination with distal sister chromatid cohesion. Separasemediated elimination of cohesin from chromosome arms at the end of metaphase I permits terminalization of chiasmata and homolog segregation to opposite spindle poles during anaphase I. Interestingly, separase is also required for bivalent splitting during meiosis I in Drosophila males, where homologs are conjoined by an alternative mechanism independent of meiotic recombination and cohesin. Here we report the identification of a novel alternative homolog conjunction protein encoded by the previously uncharacterized gene univalents only (uno). The univalents that are present in uno null mutants at the start of meiosis I, instead of normal bivalents, are segregated randomly. In wild type, UNO protein is detected in dots associated with bivalent chromosomes and most abundantly at the localized pairing site of the sex chromosomes. UNO is cleaved by separase. Expression of a mutant UNO version with a non-functional separase cleavage site restores homolog conjunction in a uno null background. However, separation of bivalents during meiosis I is completely abrogated by this non-cleavable UNO version. Therefore, we propose that homolog separation during Drosophila male meiosis I is triggered by separase-mediated cleavage of UNO.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome separation during Drosophila male meiosis I requires separase-mediated cleavage of the homolog conjunction protein UNO

et al. 2020

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“…Systems to rearrange chromosome positions in eukaryotes are generally conserved: cytoskeleton such as actin (in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) or microtubule (in S. pombe , Caenorhabditis elegans and mice, and partly in Drosophila melanogaster ) plays functions in the reorganization of chromosome states into the telomere-led bouquet arrangement (reviewed in Rubin et al, 2020 ). The function of the LINC complex (SUN-KASH proteins) is also conserved in eukaryotes.…”

Section: Alteration Of Chromosome Arrangement In the Nucleus Upon Sexual Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transmembrane protein Majin interacts with SUN1-KASH5 proteins as well as with telomere-binding proteins TERB2-TERB1, thereby enhancing the association of telomeres to the nuclear envelope upon meiotic entry ( Shibuya et al, 2015 ). Thus, SUN-KASH proteins are widely employed among eukaryotes to dynamically alter chromosome arrangement inside the nucleus during meiosis [reviewed in Chikashige et al (2007) and Rubin et al (2020) ].…”

Section: Alteration Of Chromosome Arrangement In the Nucleus Upon Sexual Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tell the Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis: Interplay Between Chromosomes, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Cycle Regulation

Sato

Kakui

Toya

2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Meiosis is a specialized style of cell division conserved in eukaryotes, particularly designed for the production of gametes. A huge number of studies to date have demonstrated how chromosomes behave and how meiotic events are controlled. Yeast substantially contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of meiosis in the past decades. Recently, evidence began to accumulate to draw a perspective landscape showing that chromosomes and microtubules are mutually influenced: microtubules regulate chromosomes, whereas chromosomes also regulate microtubule behaviors. Here we focus on lessons from recent advancement in genetical and cytological studies of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, revealing how chromosomes, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle progression are organized and particularly how these are differentiated in mitosis and meiosis. These studies illuminate that meiosis is strategically designed to fulfill two missions: faithful segregation of genetic materials and production of genetic diversity in descendants through elaboration by meiosis-specific factors in collaboration with general factors.

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“…Interhomolog interactions are genetically and cytologically detectable in D. melanogaster because the chromosomes regularly pair with their homolog in somatic tissues. While interactions between homologs are also critical-and perhaps even more so-during meiosis, in this work, we will limit our scope to what is known about homologous chromosome pairing in somatic tissue (see Rubin et al 2020 for a recent review of interhomolog interactions during meiosis) [95].…”

Section: Interhomolog Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale Organization of the Drosophila melanogaster Genome

Peterson

Samuelson

Hanlon

2021

Genes

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Interphase chromatin, despite its appearance, is a highly organized framework of loops and bends. Chromosomes are folded into topologically associating domains, or TADs, and each chromosome and its homolog occupy a distinct territory within the nucleus. In Drosophila, genome organization is exceptional because homologous chromosome pairing is in both germline and somatic tissues, which promote interhomolog interactions such as transvection that can affect gene expression in trans. In this review, we focus on what is known about genome organization in Drosophila and discuss it from TADs to territory. We start by examining intrachromosomal organization at the sub-chromosome level into TADs, followed by a comprehensive analysis of the known proteins that play a key role in TAD formation and boundary establishment. We then zoom out to examine interhomolog interactions such as pairing and transvection that are abundant in Drosophila but rare in other model systems. Finally, we discuss chromosome territories that form within the nucleus, resulting in a complete picture of the multi-scale organization of the Drosophila genome.

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Mixing and Matching Chromosomes during Female Meiosis

Cited by 29 publications

References 121 publications

Chromosome separation during Drosophila male meiosis I requires separase-mediated cleavage of the homolog conjunction protein UNO

Chromosome separation during Drosophila male meiosis I requires separase-mediated cleavage of the homolog conjunction protein UNO

Tell the Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis: Interplay Between Chromosomes, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Cycle Regulation

Multi-Scale Organization of the Drosophila melanogaster Genome

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