Mixing and diffusion in a two-type population

Izquierdo, Segismundo S.; Izquierdo, Luis R.; López-Pintado, Dunia

doi:10.1098/rsos.172102

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Horita et al [53] observed emotion-conditioned cooperative behavior in various types of games, which can be elucidated by RL. It is worth noting that in this learning process, participants in the BM model only use information related to their own past choices and payoffs, ignoring information from all opponents [54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of cooperation via Q-learning in spatial donation game

Zhang,

Rong,

Zheng

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Complex.

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Decision-making often overlooks the feedback between agents and the environment. Reinforcement learning is widely employed through exploratory experimentation to address problems related to states, actions, rewards, decision-making in various contexts. This work considers a new perspective, where individuals continually update their policies based on interactions with the spatial environment, aiming to maximize cumulative rewards and learn the optimal strategy. Specifically, we utilize the Q-learning algorithm to study the emergence of cooperation in a spatial population playing the donation game. Each individual has a Q-table that guides their decision-making in the game. Interestingly, we find that cooperation emerges within this introspective learning framework, and a smaller learning rate and higher discount factor make cooperation more likely to occur. Through the analysis of Q-table evolution, we disclose the underlying mechanism for cooperation, which may provide some insights to the emergence of cooperation in the real-world systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of cooperation via Q-learning in spatial donation game

Zhang,

Rong,

Zheng

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Complex.

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Diffusion of multiple information: On information resilience and the power of segregation

Tabasso

2019

Games and Economic Behavior

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We introduce two pieces of information, denoted memes, into a diffusion process in which memes are transmitted when individuals meet and forgotten at an exogenous rate. At most one meme can be transmitted at a meeting, which introduces opportunity costs in the process. Individuals differ according to which meme they find more interesting, and that is the one they transmit if they face a choice. We find that both memes survive under the same parameter values, and that relative interest is the main determinant in the number of people informed of a meme in the long run. We apply our framework to analyze the impact of segregation and find that segregation leads to polarization. Segregation also reduces the overall number of people informed in the long run. Our final set of results shows that agents are more likely to prefer segregation if their information preferences are more extreme, if they have few social contacts, or if they prefer a meme that is preferred by only a small fraction of the population.Since the seminal work of Lazarsfeld et al. (1948) and Katz and Lazarsfeld (1955), the importance of social networks in the diffusion of information has been well documented. It is less well known how different pieces of information, or memes, 1 interact in this diffusion process. In the production of news, such as in print or TV media, it is obvious that fixed coverage space is shared by different news stories. 2 In the social diffusion process, a similar constraint is present: Communication time is limited and has to be shared among everything an individual talks about. Making use of Twitter data, Leskovec et al. (2009) and Weng et al. (2012) have shown that the total volume of tweets is roughly constant over time, despite significant variation in the topics of tweets. In addition, their data shows that (i) at any point in time numerous hashtags diffuse simultaneously, (ii) there are significant differences in the number of times as hashtag is retweeted, and (iii) hashtags crowd each other out. Diffusion models of a unique information are not equipped to explain these patterns. The present paper introduces a parsimonious diffusion model of multiple memes under a communication constraint, which reproduces the above patterns. To keep the analysis tractable and to isolate the effect of limited communication time, we build on a standard diffusion process with epidemiological roots, the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) framework. 3 In the model, each period each agent randomly meets a subset of other agents. At any meeting, there is a chance that communication occurs, in which case an informed agent passes a meme on. Agents forget memes at an exogenous rate. The novelty of our process lies in the existence of two memes. At each meeting, if communication occurs, each agent can pass on only one meme. Within the model, the choice of what to talk about is determined by intrinsic information preferences of agents, capturing the idea that individuals are more likely to talk about things that interest them more.Within a m...

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Promotion of (interaction) abstinence increases infection prevalence

Heinsalu

2021

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

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Mixing and diffusion in a two-type population

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

The emergence of cooperation via Q-learning in spatial donation game

The emergence of cooperation via Q-learning in spatial donation game

Diffusion of multiple information: On information resilience and the power of segregation

Promotion of (interaction) abstinence increases infection prevalence

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