Mixed valence effects in TbVO4: Y nanocrystals and diamagnetic materials: Structure, optical linear & nonlinear, magnetic and Faraday rotation properties

Regulating f orbital of Tb electronic reservoir to activate stepwise and dual‐directional sulfur conversion reaction

“…To further elucidate the intrinsic chemical interactions between Gh‐Tb 3+/4+ and LiPSs, XPS measurements of Gh‐Tb 3+/4+ were implemented before and after adsorption of Li 2 S 6 . As shown in Figure 2A, pristine Gh‐Tb 3+/4+ exhibits two pairs of deconvoluted Tb 3 d peaks located at 1240.4/1275.7 and 1243.2/1277.9 eV belonging to the Tb 3+ and Tb 4+ , respectively 29–31 . After adsorbing Li 2 S 6 , a significant shift of these peaks toward a higher binding energy (Tb 3+ at 1240.6/1276.1 eV and Tb 4+ at 1243.8/1278.5 eV) can be perceived, suggesting a reduction in the electron cloud density of Tb atoms.…”

“…The surface compositions of the three Gh-Tb x+ composites were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The Tb 3d XPS data for the Gh-Tb x+ prepared under heat treatment in air conditions (Figure 1Fi) indicates that Tb contributions can be assigned to 46.2% Tb 3+ (1276.0/1240.6 eV) and 53.8% Tb 4+ (1278.2/1243.7 eV), [29][30][31] which confirms a formation of the mixed-valence Tb, that is, Tb 3+/4+ . By contrast, only Tb 4+ peaks (1277.8/1243.0 eV) dominate the Tb 3d spectrum for the Gh/Tb molecule heated in O 2 atmosphere (Figure 1Fii), suggesting the generation of Gh-Tb 4+ , and Tb 3+ peaks (1276.5/1240.7 eV) appear in the spectrum of the Gh/Tb molecule hybrids without calcination (Figure 1Fiii), namely forming Gh-Tb 3+ .…”

“…As shown in Figure 2A, pristine Gh-Tb 3+/4+ exhibits two pairs of deconvoluted Tb 3d peaks located at 1240.4/1275.7 and 1243.2/1277.9 eV belonging to the Tb 3+ and Tb 4+ , respectively. [29][30][31] After adsorbing Li 2 S 6 , a significant shift of these peaks toward a higher binding energy (Tb 3+ at 1240.6/1276.1 eV and Tb 4+ at 1243.8/1278.5 eV) can be perceived, suggesting a reduction in the electron cloud density of Tb atoms. In the XPS spectra of S 2p (Figure 2B), a pair of peaks display at the high binding energy region between 168 and 172 eV, corresponding to the sulfate species formed by the oxidation of sulfur in air.…”

Enhancing Corrosion Inhibition Performance of ZnO Solid Solution by Doping Variable-Valence Rare-Earth Element Cerium

“…Mixed-valence compounds have excellent properties such as intervalence charge transfer, induced ferromagnetism, electrical conductivity, and long-range electron delocalization. − They play a major role in biosynthesis, inorganic luminescence, room-temperature ferromagnetism, and photocatalysis . By doping mixed-valence elements, the optics, electricity, , thermotics, magnetism, catalyst, , and other properties of the material can be adjusted to meet the needs of corrosion inhibition. It will have a significant impact on the performance optimization of existing inorganic corrosion inhibition materials, and it is important to reduce the losses caused by metal corrosion.…”