Mixed surfactant controlled syntheses of solid Ni2P and yolk–shell Ni12P5 via a hydrothermal route and their photocatalytic properties

Nickel sulfide and phosphide electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction: challenges and future perspectives

“…The synthesis of nickel sulfides and phosphides via the solvothermal method has been conducted with water (hydrothermal method) 39–47 and other solvents such as ethanol, 48 oleylamine, 49 ethanolamine, 50 ethylene glycol, 51 triethylene glycol, 52 ethylenediamine 53 and mixed solvents. 54–59 The most used nickel precursor is nickel chloride, 39,41,42,47,54,56,57 while other precursors such as nickel nitrate, 39,59,60 nickel acetate 44,45,49,55,61–63 and nickel foam 39,48,50–53 have also been used. Similar to the electrodeposition method, for the synthesis of nickel sulfides, different sulfur precursors such as sulfur powder, 40,49,51,61 thiourea 39,40,62 and thioacetamide 35 have been used, but only NaH 2 PO 2 ·H 2 O 41,42,56,57,59 and red phosphorus 43–48,50,52–55,58,60 have been commonly used as the phosphorus precursor in the synthesis of nickel phosphides.…”

“…Beside these general effects, the reaction time can also change the crystalline phase of the product. In the solvothermal synthesis of nickel phosphides, it seems that a longer reaction time favors the synthesis of Ni 12 P 5 compared to Ni 2 P. Liu et al 60 reported that using a surfactant-aided solvothermal method at a synthesis time of 8, 16–24, and 36 h, spherical Ni 2 P, core–shell Ni 2 P/Ni 12 P 5 , and spherical Ni 12 P 5 were achieved, respectively ( Fig. 3a–e ).…”

“…[54][55][56][57][58][59] The most used nickel precursor is nickel chloride, 39,41,42,47,54,56,57 while other precursors such as nickel nitrate, 39,59,60 nickel acetate 44,45,49,55,[61][62][63] and nickel foam 39,48,[50][51][52][53] have also been used. Similar to the electrodeposition method, for the synthesis of nickel suldes, different sulfur precursors such as sulfur powder, 40,49,51,61 thiourea 39,40,62 and thioacetamide 35 have been used, but only NaH 2 PO 2 $H 2 O 41,42,56,57,59 and red phosphorus [43][44][45][46][47][48]50,[52][53][54][55]58,60 have been commonly used as the phosphorus precursor in the synthesis of nicke...…”