Mixed-species versus monocultures in plantation forestry: Development, benefits, ecosystem services and perspectives for the future

Liu, Corsa Lok Ching; Kuchma, Oleksandra; Krutovsky, Konstantin V.

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00419

Cited by 250 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Therefore, the effects of species polyculture on tree biomass and soil C at the young stage cannot be generalized over the entire life succession of the species and rather expressed the effects based on the point of evaluation. Clearly, as emphasized by other authors, there is a need for longer-term experiments (Bielak et al 2014;Liu et al 2018;Pretzsch et al 2019).…”

Section: Limitations Regarding Stand Age and Short-term Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Polyculture affects biomass production of component species but not total standing biomass and soil carbon stocks in a temperate forest plantation

Ahmed

Smith

Godbold

2019

Annals of Forest Science

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& Key message Over-yielding of stand biomass did not occur in a tree polyculture comprised of Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa and Fagus sylvatica selected for contrasting traits. This was due to antagonistic interactions between the component species. Fine root dynamics and soil C stocks were unaffected by species mixture. & Context Increasing CO 2 fixation in tree biomass through afforestation and forest management actions has potential for costeffective climate mitigation. The influences of tree mixture on biomass production and subsequent soil C accumulation in polyculture still remain uncertain. & Aims We studied the polyculture of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn, Betula pendula Roth and Fagus sylvatica L. in a plantation forest to examine the effectiveness of species mixtures as a tool for increased biomass production and soil C accumulation. & Methods Tree biomass was estimated by developing species-specific allometric models and 3 years tree measurement. Fine root biomass and production were estimated by root coring and root-mesh methods. The 'relative yield of mixture' approach was used to examine the mixture effect. & Results In mixture, an additive effect was observed in A. glutinosa (13% increase in basal diameter relative to the monoculture); however, there was no overall effect of mixture on total standing biomass due to the suppression of F. sylvatica (2.75 g m −2 reduction in woody biomass). Fine root biomass production showed no mixture effect. The quantity and quality of soil C (top 0.5 m) was not affected by tree mixture. & Conclusion We conclude that the contrasting growth responses of the A. glutinosa, B. pendula and F. sylvatica in polyculture resulted in no over-yielding of standing biomass despite the complementary traits of the component species.

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Section: Limitations Regarding Stand Age and Short-term Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Polyculture affects biomass production of component species but not total standing biomass and soil carbon stocks in a temperate forest plantation

Ahmed

Smith

Godbold

2019

Annals of Forest Science

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“…Adequate irrigation infrastructure is crucial for the effective distribution of water resources. The farming of mixed species rather than monoculture farming can mitigate the adverse effects of CC [75]. Mixed-species cropping between crops with complementary traits will, with proper management, produce biodiversity and economic advantages in the form of increased productivity.…”

Section: The Technical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Role of the Perceived Impact of Climate Change on National Adaptation Policy: The Case of Rice Farming in Indonesia

Rondhi

Khasan

Mori

et al. 2019

Land

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Climate change (CC) is one of the primary threats to the agricultural sector in developing countries. Several empirical studies have shown that the implementation of adaptation practices can reduce the adverse effects of CC. The likelihood of farmers performing adaptation practices is mostly influenced by the degree of CC impact that they perceive. Thus, we identified the characteristics of farmers that affect the degree of the CC impact that they perceive. We used data from the Indonesian Rice Farm Household survey consisting of 87,330 farmers. An ordered probit regression model was used to estimate the effect of each variable on the degree of the perceived impact of CC. The results of this study confirm those of previous empirical studies. Several variables that have been identified as having a positive effect on farmer adaptation practices, such as farmer education, land tenure, irrigation infrastructure, cropping system, chemical fertilizer application, access to extension services, and participation in farmer groups, negatively affect the degree of the perceived impact of CC. However, a different result was found in the estimation of the gender variable. We found that female farmers have a higher CC resilience and ability to withstand climatic shocks and risks than male farmers. Female farmers have a more positive perception of future farming conditions than male farmers. We recommend the implementation of a national adaptation policy that use and expand the channel of agricultural extension services to deliver the planned adaptation policy, and prioritizes farmers with insecure land tenure. Additionally, we encourage the increasing of female involvement in the CC adaptation practices and decision-making processes.

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“…However, despite the important benefits described above, managing mixed forests can be more complex than managing pure plantations because the provision of multiple services needs to be optimized, such as productivity, sustaining biodiversity, or climate change mitigation. Managing forests in a mixed condition requires more complicated operations, there are very few instructions for designing and managing mixtures, and the right combination of species and site conditions need to be achieved [261]. Indeed, the selection of the adequate species combination with different functional traits that enhance relaxation regarding the more limiting factor of a given site appears to be more important than increasing only the number of species in the stand [34,129,243,258].…”

Section: Mixed-species Forests As Adaptation Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Climate and Nutrient Cycles on Forest Response to Global Change: The Role of Mixed Forests

Andrés

2019

Forests

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Forest ecosystems are undergoing unprecedented changes in environmental conditions due to global change impacts. Modification of global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen, and the subsequent climate change are affecting forest functions at different scales, from physiology and growth of individual trees to cycling of nutrients. This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding the impact of global change on forest functioning not only with respect to climate change, which is the focus of most studies, but also the influence of altered nitrogen cycle and the interactions among them. The carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fertilization effect on tree growth is expected to be constrained by nutrient imbalances resulting from high N deposition rates and the counteractive effect of increasing water deficit, which interact in a complex way. At the community level, responses to global change are modified by species interactions that may lead to competition for resources and/or relaxation due to facilitation and resource partitioning processes. Thus, some species mixtures can be more resistant to drought than their respective pure forests, albeit it depends on environmental conditions and species' functional traits. Climate change and nitrogen deposition have additional impacts on litterfall dynamics, and subsequent decomposition and nutrient mineralization processes. Elemental ratios (i.e., stoichiometry) are associated with important ecosystem traits, including trees' adaptability to stress or decomposition rates. As stoichiometry of different ecosystem components are also influenced by global change, nutrient cycling in forests will be altered too. Therefore, a re-assessment of traditional forest management is needed in order to cope with global change. Proposed silvicultural systems emphasize the key role of diversity to assure multiple ecosystem services, and special attention has been paid to mixed-species forests. Finally, a summary of the patterns and underlying mechanisms governing the relationships between diversity and different ecosystems functions, such as productivity and stability, is provided.Human appropriation of land and water for agriculture and other purposes; emission of extraneous compounds to the atmosphere and water, extraction of food, fuel, and fiber from natural ecosystems; and transport of species around the globe, have pervasively influenced Earth's climate, hydrology, biogeochemistry, land cover, and species diversity [6,7]. The Earth and its ecosystems are undergoing rapid global change, driven by natural and human-induced factors, that is expected to influence plant species' dominance and distribution, primary productivity, and nutrient cycles worldwide [5,8]. Demographic, economic, socio-political, cultural, scientific, and technological factors (i.e., indirect drivers) cause physical and biological changes (i.e., direct drivers) in ecosystems. Global change involves the simultaneous and rapid alteration of several key environmental parameters that control the dynamics of forests [9,1...

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Mixed-species versus monocultures in plantation forestry: Development, benefits, ecosystem services and perspectives for the future

Cited by 250 publications

References 105 publications

Polyculture affects biomass production of component species but not total standing biomass and soil carbon stocks in a temperate forest plantation

Polyculture affects biomass production of component species but not total standing biomass and soil carbon stocks in a temperate forest plantation

Assessing the Role of the Perceived Impact of Climate Change on National Adaptation Policy: The Case of Rice Farming in Indonesia

Interactions between Climate and Nutrient Cycles on Forest Response to Global Change: The Role of Mixed Forests

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