Mixed Species Grazing of Cattle and Goats on Gastrointestinal Infections of <i>Haemonchus Contortus</i>

Abstract

Abstract:At the present time, the meat of goat is the fastest growing class of livestock in the U.S.A. Due to the sub-tropical climate in the South Eastern region of the US, internal parasites pose a major constraint to the industry. The blood-feeding nematode, Haemonchus contortus results in production losses and even death in untreated animals. The control of H. contortus calls for the use of a combination of different control methods/strategies. An experiment was conducted over three successive years (2008, 2009 and 2010) to evaluate the effects of mixed species grazing on fecal egg counts (FEC in epg), FAMACHA © scores (FS) and Packed Cell Volume (% PCV) in goats. In a 2×2 factorial, 50 Spanish does and 14 Brangus cows were randomly assigned to continuous or rotational grazing systems. Goats were allowed to graze alone or mixed with cattle. The rotational pastures were divided into four paddocks and each paddock was grazed for 7d and allowed to rest for 21d. Every 28d Body Weight (BW), body condition scores (BCS; 1 = thin and 5 = fat), FS (1 = red and 5 = white), blood and feces were collected. Fecal and blood samples were analyzed in the lab for FEC and %PCV. Data was statistically analyzed using SAS's MIXED and correlation coefficients were determined among the measurements. Overall means for PCV, FEC, BCS and FS were 27.4%, 613 epg, 2.3 and 2.5, respectively. PCV was negatively correlated to FS (r = -0.35, p<0.001) and FEC (r = -0.16, p<0.005). BCS was negatively correlated to FS (r = -0.59, p<0.001) and FEC (r = -0.17, p<0.005), while FS and FEC were positive (r = 0.20, p<0.005). Except for the effect of month (p<0.05), no differences due to the main effects were observed and interaction effects were significant at only p<0.10. Goats grazing alone in continuous pastures had a higher PCV and FS scores (28.6% and 2.7, respectively) than goats in mixed rotational pastures (25% and 2.2). The percentages of does in mixed pastures falling in FS-1, FS-2 and FS-3 categories were higher (5.2 Vs 8.9%, 17.0 Vs 22.7% and 15.7 Vs 19.6%, respectively) than does grazing alone. Overall, mixed grazing of pastures with cattle and goats reduced FEC in goats therefore decreasing FAMACHA scores that resulted in increased PCV and BCS values. The present data suggest alternative approaches for suppression of parasite loads include some management practices such as pasture rotation, mixed livestock species grazing and selective deworming.

Relationship between faecal egg count and health status in Nguni goats reared on semi-arid rangelands

“…The increase in FAMACHA with an increase in FEC could be because parasite burdens affect nutrient absorption in goats used by parasites for their growth. The positive correlation between the FAMACHA score and FEC concurs with Marshall et al (2012). The higher and faster increase of FAMACHA score in weaners as FEC increased in the post-rainy season could be due to the low immune response of growing animals.…”

“…The finding that fluctuations in BCS are closely linked to seasons agrees with Rumosa Gwaze et al (2010). In weaners and does, the positive correlation between BCS and PCV, particularly during the cool-dry season indicates that goats with a good condition can control worm burdens due to having higher leucocyte concentrations (Marshall et al, 2012). The observed negative and weak correlation between BCS and worm burden could indicate the resilience of goats to infection under poor quality feed (Mhomga et al, 2012).…”

“…The observed negative and weak correlation between BCS and worm burden could indicate the resilience of goats to infection under poor quality feed (Mhomga et al, 2012). The resilience of Nguni goats could partly explain the weak negative correlation between worm burden and PCV (Marshall et al, 2012).…”

“…Gastrointestinal parasitism is a worldwide challenge affecting goat productivity (Marshall et al, 2012;Emiru et al, 2013;Mpofu et al, 2020). Heavy GIN burden in goats leads to poor health and reduced productivity and increases mortality.…”

Mixed Grazing and Dietary Supplementation Improve the Response to Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasitism and Production Performances of Goats

“…The association of Creole kids and cattle positively impacted the PCV with a significant reduction in the induced anemia when compared with the Control groups. Under alternative grazing conditions between sheep and cattle, the same positive significant effect of the mixed grazing system was observed in different breeds of sheep and cattle (22,(27)(28)(29). For the PCV, there was a gain of eight points of kids of the Control groups supplemented, while it remains the same for the Mixed grazing groups, suggesting that supplementation reduced the deleterious impact of parasitism.…”